Table 2.

Study site communities in Talensi district with information on initial dates of FMNR implementation, site characterizations, and a brief characterization of livelihood bases for each community.

CommunityInitial Date of FMNR ImplementationSite CharacterizationLivelihood Base
Namoligo2009RuralFarming, livestock production, mining at the nearby concessions, small-scale artisanal mining, shea production, labor migration to towns in southern Ghana
Winkogo2015Peri-urbanFarming (including dry season vegetable farming), livestock production, basket weaving, shea production, trade and informal wage labor in Bolgatanga Town, labor migration to towns in southern Ghana
Duusi2018Very ruralFarming, livestock production, shea processing, small-scale artisanal mining, shea production, labor migration to towns in southern Ghana