Table 1.

Haida ethics and values apply across multiple interdisciplinary academic frameworks that include people as part of ecosystems, including ecosystem-based management (Jones et al. 2010), biocultural conservation (Gavin et al. 2018) and social-ecological resilience (Biggs et al. 2012).

Haida Ethics and ValuesEcosystem-based Management PrinciplesBiocultural Conservation PrinciplesSocial-ecological Resilience Principles
Yahguudang—RespectPrecautionary Approach

  • Respect and incorporate different worldviews and knowledge systems

  • Tailor interventions to social-ecological context

  • Foster an understanding of social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems

’Laa guu ga kanhllns—ResponsibilityInclusive and participatory

  • Incorporate distinct rights and responsibilities of all parties

  • Broaden participation

Gina ’waadluxan gud ad kwaagid—InterconnectednessIntegrated management

  • Prioritize partnerships and relation building

  • Devise novel, diverse, and nested institutional frameworks

  • Manage connectivity

  • Promote polycentric governance systems

Giid tlljuus—BalanceSustainable use

  • Recognize that cultural dynamics shape conservation

  • Maintain diversity and redundancy

Gina k’aadang.nga gii uu tll k’anguudang—Seeking Wise CounselAdaptive management

  • Use intergenerational planning and institutions for long-term adaptive management and governance

  • Encourage learning and experimentation

Isda ad dii gii isda—Giving and ReceivingEquitable sharing

  • Acknowledge multiple stakeholders and objectives

  • Manage slow variables and feedbacks