Table 5.

Overview of the evaluation of the three restoration initiatives in relation to social-ecological resilience. The degree of magnitude of the principles is conveyed through the numbers 0 (absent), 1 (present), and 2 (emphasized in at least one instance). NA = not assessed, ΝΑΤΑ = not able to assess.

General Phases of Ecological Restoration ProcessRestoration Outcomes
Problem identificationDefining goals and objectivesDesigning a restoration planImplementationMonitoring and evaluationEcological outcomesSocial outcomes
123123123123123123123
Principles for Building Resilience in SESKey SES properties to be managedMaintain diversity and redundancy111121111011011222NANANA
Manage connectivity111022111012112NATANATA2NANANA
Manage slow variables and feedbacks110110010000012NATANATANATANANANA
Key attributes of the governance systemFoster CAS thinking111111111011101NANANA000
Encourage learning and experimentation110102111112112NANANA212
Broaden participation111022111112112NANANA221
Promote polycentric governance systems001000110112002NANANA201