Table 2.

A summary of social strategies to support effective community engaged ecological restoration projects. (These categories are not mutually exclusive, where the same paper may have contained data relevant to several of the strategies). See Supplementary Table S2 for further readings.

Social strategies% of papers (n = 68)RationaleFurther reading
Active community participation59%Fosters greater buy-in & facilitates a just process that supports local people’s needs.Thorton et al. 2007, Luyet et al. 2012, Åberg and Tapsell 2013.
Supporting local livelihoods29%Ensures a more equitable process where local people’s well-being is not undermined.Balana et al. 2010, Badola et al. 2012, Zhong et al. 2013.
Respecting people’s values and perspectives27%Promotes feelings of emotional connection & increased cultural value with the local landscape.Schaich 2009, Couix and Turpin 2015, Sakurai et al. 2015.
Fostering learning19%Deepening knowledge of social-ecological systems supports greater adaptation of human systems with the ecological world.Kiker et al. 2001, Stenseke 2009, Giebels et al. 2015.
Providing environmental education15%Promotes healthier social-ecological system interaction by strengthening human knowledge of, connection with & positive action in the ecological world.Valladares-Padua et al. 2002, Goltenboth and Hutter 2004, Schaich 2009.
Supporting local institutions13%Institutions provide the link between human & ecological systems.Lu et al. 2005, Singh et al. 2011, Wilson et al. 2013.
Apply a systematic approach13%Provides a systematic approach that facilitates understanding local social-ecological systemsBalana et al. 2010, Ritzema et al. 2010, Rehr et al. 2014.