Table 1.

The 15 species that contribute the most to the compositional differences between early and late-season surveys based on Bray-Curtis SIMPER analysis, their common names, functional groups (based on sowing and growth form), origin (native or nonnative), percent contributions to the compositional differences between seasons (% Cont.), abundance ranks based on average percent cover across both surveys (Cover Rank), and which season they are most abundant (Season). Symphyotrichum* refers to a mix of S. pilosum (frost aster) and S. ericoides (heath aster).

Genus and SpeciesCommon NameFunctional GroupOrigin% Cont.Cover RankSeason
Symphyotrichum*AsterNonsown forbNative5.20               7             Late
Poa pratensisKentucky bluegrassNonsown grassNonnative5.15               4             Late
Bromus inermisSmooth bromeNonsown grassNonnative5.03               5             Early
Torilis arvensisSpreading hedgeparsleyNonsown forbNonnative4.90             11             Early
Tripsacum dactyloidesEastern gammagrassSown grassNative4.09             10             Late
Monarda fistulosaWild bergamotSown forbNative3.59               1             Early
Andropogon gerardiiBig bluestemSown grassNative3.59               2             Late
Bromus tectorumCheatgrassNonsown grassNonnative3.57             16             Early
Helianthus grosseserratusSawtooth sunflowerSown forbNative3.38               8             Late
Sorghastrum nutansIndian grassSown grassNative3.15               9             Late
Penstemon digitalisSmooth beardtongueSown forbNative2.68               3             Early
Ratibida pinnataGrey-head prairie coneflowerSown forbNative2.65               6             Late
Vernonia baldwiniiWestern ironweedSown forbNative2.58             13             Early
Symphyotrichum novae-angliaeNew England asterSown forbNative2.55             15             Late
Eupatorium altissimumTall bonesetNonsown forbNative2.35             14             Late