<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovell, Mylea C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rideout-Hanzak, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruppert, David E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acosta-Martinez, Veronica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Forrest S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stumberg, Paula Maywald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pawelek, Keith A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Falk, Anthony D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wester, David B.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Seed Banks in Stock-piled Topsoils in the Western Rio Grande Plains, Texas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Restoration</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018-09-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">226-237</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/er.36.3.226</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Topsoils often are removed from energy production sites and stock-piled for use later in restoration activities. Effects of this practice on soil seed banks are unknown. We examined seed bank size, species richness, and species composition of stock-piled topsoils as affected by sampling depth and sampling date at two study sites in the western Rio Grande Plains, TX, USA. Stock-piled topsoil and adjacent non-disturbed topsoil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depths on five dates over an 18-month period following stock-pile construction. Seed banks were assessed with the seedling emergence method. Sampling date had little effect on seed bank characteristics. We detected differences among depths on the stock-pile, and between stock-piles and undisturbed soil. Seed bank size and species richness generally decreased with increased stock-pile sampling depth at both sites. Differences between stock-piles and undisturbed soil varied between sites: at one site, stock-piling effects were common and were expressed in lower seed bank size and richness in stock-piles compared to undisturbed soils; at the other site, stock-piling had fewer effects on richness or seed bank size. Prevalence of exotic species varied between sites and likely reflected differences in surrounding vegetation. Therefore, site-to-site variability precludes strong generalizations. However, density of emerged native seedlings ranged from &lt; 1 to 3.8 seedlings m−2 at both sites. Assuming acceptable species composition, stock-piles supported an adequate seed bank size at time of sampling for restoration without need for additional seed input.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>