<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stiles, Cynthia A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bemis, Brynn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zedler, Joy B.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluating Edaphic Conditions Favoring Reed Canary Grass Invasion in a Restored Native Prairie</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecological Restoration</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008-03-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">61-70</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/er.26.1.61</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curtis Prairie, renowned as the world’s earliest ecological restoration site, was invaded by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) after urban stormwater inflows cut a creek and inundated a 2000-m2 floodplain. We evaluated the edaphic conditions directly downstream from a stormwater retention pond to determine if sedimentation, nutrients, or elevated groundwater might have favored growth of this wetland weed. A definite signature of urban stormwater influence on reed canary grass expansion is strongly indicated by enriched nutrients (bioavailable phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen), salt (sodium), and metals (copper and zinc), each of which was significantly elevated in the invasion area and downstream in a sedge meadow. Sodium could have dispersed clays and reduced the soil’s infiltration capacity, thereby impounding water. We evaluated soil and hydrologic conditions in order to develop a conceptual model of the invasion process in Curtis Prairie. We suggest that 1) stormwater outflow from the retention pond initiated erosion; 2) reed canary grass established alongside the eroded creek and expanded vegetatively into the prairie as native plants succumbed to flooding; 3) contaminants were continuously delivered onto the floodplain, degrading soil structure and promoting aggressive growth of reed canary grass; and 4) fine-grained sediments and organic matter were transported downstream to the sedge meadow, possibly contributing to future reed canary grass expansion into this area.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>