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Research ArticleRestoration Notes
Open Access

When Less Is More

The Value of Restored Wetlands as Bird Habitat Changes Over Time

Anna R. Armitage, Aurora Gaona Hernandez, Ashley E. McDonald, Marissa Palmer and Jamie E. Thompson
Ecological Restoration, May 2025, 43 (2) 97-101; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/er.43.2.97
Anna R. Armitage
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
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  • For correspondence: armitage{at}tamu.edu
Aurora Gaona Hernandez
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
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Ashley E. McDonald
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston TX, USA
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Marissa Palmer
Department of Marine Biology Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Jamie E. Thompson
Department of Marine Biology Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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    Figure 1

    Map depicting array of study sites within the J.D. Murphree Wildlife Management Area in Texas, USA. An expanded area map is available in Armitage (2021). Restoration states are P13 (sites created and planted in 2013), U13 (sites created in 2013 but not planted), U21 (created in 2021 but not planted), REF (reference sites).

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    Figure 2

    Total infaunal counts per core (24.5 cm3) in different habitat types and restoration states. a) Macro- and microinvertebrates; b) foraminiferans. See Figure 1 for description of restoration states. Box plots depict the median (bold line), first and third quartiles (box), minimum and maximum values (whiskers), and outliers (points).

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    Figure 3

    Heat map showing average bird abundance (number/2 weeks) over a series of six observation periods from 2013–2015 at one representative site in each of three restoration states as defined in Figure 1.

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Ecological Restoration: 43 (2)
Ecological Restoration
Vol. 43, Issue 2
1 May 2025
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When Less Is More
Anna R. Armitage, Aurora Gaona Hernandez, Ashley E. McDonald, Marissa Palmer, Jamie E. Thompson
Ecological Restoration May 2025, 43 (2) 97-101; DOI: 10.3368/er.43.2.97

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When Less Is More
Anna R. Armitage, Aurora Gaona Hernandez, Ashley E. McDonald, Marissa Palmer, Jamie E. Thompson
Ecological Restoration May 2025, 43 (2) 97-101; DOI: 10.3368/er.43.2.97
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  • Still No Difference
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  • Restoration of an Andean Peatland Influences Wildlife
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