Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Microsites (A) under the scrub oak canopy of Quercus geminata (sand live oak) or Q. myrtifolia (myrtle oak), (B) on the gulf-side scrub oak edge (drip line of Quercus), or (C) in open gaps of bare sand within coastal scrub located in coastal Alabama.
- Figure 2
Protection treatments included a control with no protection, protection with a PVC pipe (7.6 cm length and 10.2 cm diameter), protection with a wire mesh (1.27 cm hardware cloth), and protection with both a PVC pipe and wire mesh.
- Figure 3
Emergence of Asclepias humistrata (N=40) over 52 weeks after sowing on June 9, 2019 in three planting microsites (seeds sown under a scrub oak canopy of Quercus geminata (sand live oak) or Q. myrtifolia (myrtle oak), on the gulf-side edge (drip line) of coastal scrub or in an open area gulf-side of coastal scrub) with seeds covered by leaf litter (dashed lines) or with sand only (solid lines).
Asclepias spp. (milkweed) flower showing pollination. The pollen coheres into twin waxy masses (pollinia, image b), and the handle or caudicle lies in a chink on the side of the stigma. L.H. Bailey, 1917. Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. New York, NY: The MacMillan Company. The Florida Center for Instructional Technology, fcit.usf.edu.
Tables
- Table 1
Type III Tests of Fixed Effects and their interactions on seedling emergence (%) for Asclepias humistrata evaluated over 52 weeks in response to sowing seed within three microsite conditions, with two types of seed cover and four levels of protection. Weeks after Sowing = Seed sown June 9, 2019 and evaluated for emergence after 6, 7, 11, 20, 23, 38, and 52 weeks; Planting microsite = (seeds sown under a scrub oak canopy of Quercus geminata (sand live oak) or Q. myrtifolia (myrtle oak), on the gulf-side edge (drip line) of coastal scrub or in an open area gulf-side of coastal scrub); Seed cover = seeds covered by leaf litter or covered only with sand; Planting site protection = (seeds planted in open sand without protection, within PVC pipes, covered with a wire mesh or within PVC pipes covered with a wire mesh cover.
Effect Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Weeks after sowing (WAS) 6 668 26.68 <0.0001 Microsite 2 672 0.01 0.9874 WAS × Microsite 12 668 14.12 <0.0001 Cover 1 668 78.33 <0.0001 WAS × Cover 6 668 0.78 0.5827 Microsite × Cover 2 668 4.53 0.0112 WAS × Microsite × Cover 12 668 3.22 0.0002 Protection 3 668 16.44 <0.0001 WAS × Protection 18 668 1.17 0.2835 Microsite × Protection 6 668 0.89 0.5049 WAS × Microsite × Protection 36 668 0.64 0.9492 Cover × Protection 3 668 6.10 0.0004 WAS × Cover × Protection 18 668 0.48 0.9650 Microsite × Cover × Protection 6 668 0.76 0.5997 WAS × Microsite × Cover × Protection 36 668 0.42 0.9990 - Table 2
Seedling emergence (%) of Asclepias humistrata in response to planting microsite (seeds sown under a scrub oak canopy of Quercus geminata (sand live oak) or Q. myrtifolia (myrtle oak), on the gulf-side edge (drip line) of coastal scrub or in an open area gulf-side of coastal scrub) and seed cover (seeds covered by leaf litter or covered only with sand) 7 and 38 weeks after sowing (WAS).
Microsite 7 WASz 38 WAS Sand Litter Sand Litter Open 1.50 by 0.00 b 20.50 a 9.75 bc Edge 3.00 b 1.75 b 14.00 ab 11.50 bc Canopy 16.75 a 2.50 b 6.00 bc 3.75 c - Table 3
Effects of microsite, seed cover, and protection on growth characteristics of Asclepias humistrata (sandhill milkweed) seedlings 52 weeks after direct seeding into backdunes of coastal Alabama on 6/9/2019. Seeds were placed in a microsite under a scrub oak canopy of Quercus geminata (sand live oak) or Q. myrtifolia (myrtle oak), on the gulf-side edge (drip line) of coastal scrub or in an open area gulf-side of coastal scrub. Seeds were covered with 2 cm of sand or nearby litter (Quercus leaves). Seeds were either unprotected or protected with PVC pipes (7.6 cm length and 10.2 cm diameter) buried to ½ their height above ground, protected with 1.27 cm wire-mesh that was bent to form square cages positioned approximately 3.5 cm above seeds, or protected with both pvc and wire mesh cages.
Treatment N Height (cm) Mean Width (cm) Leaf length (cm) Nodes (# per plant) Microsite Canopy 13 1.8±0.23 1.2±0.09 1.1±0.08 2.2±0.37 Edge 63 1.4±0.07 1.0±0.01 1.0±0.02 2.1±0.08 Open 106 1.4±0.05 1.0±0.02 1.0±0.02 2.2±0.06 Soil Cover Litter 61 1.7±0.08 1.0±0.03 1.0±0.02 2.0±0.10 Sand 121 1.3±0.04 1.0±0.01 1.0±0.02 2.2±0.06 Protection Control 34 1.2±0.07 1.0±0.01 1.0±0.00 2.3±0.12 PVC 28 1.3±0.10 1.0±0.02 1.0±0.04 2.0±0.11 Mesh 61 1.4±0.07 1.0±0.03 1.0±0.02 1.9±0.07 PVC + Mesh 59 1.6±0.09 1.0±0.02 1.1±0.03 2.3±0.10
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