The Impact of Incorporating Reforestation into the Built Environment on Biodiversity Recovery

References

1. ↵
   1. Angel, S.,
   2. J. Parent D.L. Civco,
   3. A. Blei and
   4. D. Potere

   . 2011. The dimensions of global urban expansion: Estimates and projections for all countries, 2000–2050. Progress in Planning 75(2):53–107.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
2. ↵
   1. Baldock, K.C.R.,
   2. M.A. Goddard,
   3. D.M. Hicks,
   4. W.E. Kunin,
   5. N. Mitschunas,
   6. H. Morse

   et al. 2019. A systems approach reveals urban pollinator hotspots and conservation opportunities. Nature Ecology and Evolution 3(3):363–373.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. ↵
   1. Darnthamromgkul, W.

   2023. Public response to the appearance of ecological urban park design: The battle between the ‘picturesque’ and the ‘messiness.’ Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure 8(3):307–324.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
4. 1. Delaney, K.S., S.P.D. Riley and
   2. R.N. Fisher

   . 2010. A rapid, strong, and convergent genetic response to urban habitat fragmentation in four divergent and widespread vertebrates. PLoS One 5(9):e12767.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. ↵
   1. Devoto, M.,
   2. S. Bailey,
   3. P. Craze and
   4. J. Memmott

   . 2012. Understanding and planning ecological restoration of plant–pollinator networks. Ecology Letters 15(4):319–328.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
6. ↵
   1. Dickinson, Y.,
   2. K. Pelz,
   3. E. Giles and
   4. J. Howie

   . 2016. Have we been successful? Monitoring horizontal forest complexity for forest restoration projects. Restoration Ecology, 24(1):8–17.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. ↵
   1. Downton, P.,
   2. D. Jones,
   3. J. Zeunert and
   4. P. Roös

   . 2017. Biophilic design applications: Putting theory and patterns into built environment practice. DesTech Conference Proceedings, The International Conference on Design and Technology KnE Engineering 2017:59–65.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Elmqvist, T.,
   2. M. Fragkias,
   3. J. Goodness,
   4. B. Güneralp,
   5. P.J. Marcotullio,
   6. R.I. McDonald

   et al. 2013. Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment. Springer Nature.
9. ↵
   1. Elmqvist, T.,
   2. W.C. Zipperer and
   3. B. Güneralp

   . 2015. Urbanization, habitat loss and biodiversity decline: Solution pathways to break the cycle. Pages 163–175 in K. Seto, W. Solecki and C. Griffith (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Urbanization and Global Environmental Change. Routledge.
10. ↵
    1. Fuccillo
    2. Battle, K.,
    3. C.E. De Rivera and
    4. M.B. Cruzan

    . 2021. The role of functional diversity and facilitation in small-scale pollinator habitat. Ecological Applications 31(6):e02355.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
11. ↵
    1. Gibson, R.H.,
    2. B. Knott,
    3. T. Eberlein and
    4. J. Memmott

    . 2011. Sampling method influences the structure of plant–pollinator networks. Oikos 120(6):822–831.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
12. ↵
    1. Goddard, M.A.,
    2. A.J. Dougill and
    3. T.G. Benton

    . 2010. Scaling up from gardens: Biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25(2)90–98.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
13. ↵
    1. Guenat, S.,
    2. A.J. Dougill and
    3. M. Dallimer

    . 2020. Social network analysis reveals a lack of support for greenspace conservation. Landscape and Urban Planning 204:103928.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. ↵
    1. Guenat, S.,
    2. A.J. Dougill,
    3. W.E. Kunin and
    4. M. Dallimer

    . 2019. Untangling the motivations of different stakeholders for urban greenspace conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecosystem Services 36:100904.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
15. ↵
    1. Guenat, S.,
    2. G.P. Lopez,
    3. D.D. Mkwambisi and
    4. M. Dallimer

    . 2021. Unpacking stakeholder perceptions of the benefits and challenges associated with urban greenspaces in sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Environmental Science 9:591512.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
16. 1. Güneralp, B., S.Lwasa,
    2. H. Masundire,
    3. S. Parnell and
    4. K.C. Seto

    . 2017. Urbanization in Africa: Challenges and opportunities for conservation. Environmental Research Letters 13(1):015002.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
17. ↵
    1. Hagen, D. and
    2. M. Evju

    . 2013. Using short-term monitoring data to achieve goals in a large-scale restoration. Ecology and Society 18(3):29.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Hale, R. and
    2. S.E. Swearer

    . 2017. When good animals love bad restored habitats: How maladaptive habitat selection can constrain restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 54(5):1478–1486.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
19. ↵
    1. Hutto, R.L.,
    2. S.M. Pletschet and
    3. P. Hendricks

    . 1986. A fixed-radius point count method for nonbreeding and breeding season use. The Auk 103(3):593–602.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
20. ↵
    1. Jaureguiberry, P.,
    2. N. Titeux,
    3. M. Wiemers,
    4. D.E. Bowler,
    5. L. Coscieme,
    6. A.S. Golden

    et al. 2022. The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss. Science Advances 8(45):eabm9982.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
21. ↵
    1. Johnson, S.D. and
    2. K.E. Steiner

    . 2000. Generalization versus specialization in plant pollination systems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15(4):140–143.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
22. ↵
    1. Kassouri, Y.

    2021. Monitoring the spatial spillover effects of urbanization on water, built-up land and ecological footprints in subSaharan Africa. Journal of Environmental Management 300: 113690.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
23. ↵
    1. Kolimenakis, A.,
    2. A.D. Solomou,
    3. N. Proutsos,
    4. E.V. Avramidou,
    5. E. Korakaki,
    6. G. Karetsos

    et al. 2021. The socioeconomic welfare of urban green areas and parks; A literature review of available evidence. Sustainability 13(14):7863.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
24. ↵
    1. Li, G.,
    2. F. Chuanglin,
    3. Y. Li,
    4. Z. Wang,
    5. S. Sun,
    6. S. He

    et al. 2022. Global impacts of future urban expansion on terrestrial vertebrate diversity. Nature Communications 13(1):1628.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
25. ↵
    1. Lindenmayer, D.B.,
    2. P.W. Lane,
    3. P.S. Barton,
    4. M. Crane,
    5. K. Ikin,
    6. D. Michael and
    7. S. Okada

    . 2016. Long-term bird colonization and turnover in restored woodlands. Biodiversity and Conservation 25(8):1587–1603.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
26. ↵
    1. Mata, L.,
    2. A.N. Andersen,
    3. A. Morán-Ordóñez,
    4. A.K. Hahs,
    5. A. Backstrom,
    6. C.D. Ives

    et al. 2021. Indigenous plants promote insect biodiversity in urban greenspaces. Ecological Applications 31(4): e02309.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
27. ↵
    1. Mata, L.,
    2. A.K. Hahs,
    3. E. Palma,
    4. A. Backstrom,
    5. N. Johnston,
    6. T. King

    et al. 2023. Large positive ecological changes of small urban greening actions. Ecological Solutions and Evidence 4(3):e12259.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
28. ↵
    1. McDonald, R.I.,
    2. P.J. Marcotullio and
    3. B. Güneralp

    . 2013. Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Pages 31–52 in T. Elmqvist, M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Güneralp, P.J. Marcotullio, R.I. McDonald et al. (eds.) Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment. Springer Open.
29. ↵
    1. Moffatt, S. and
    2. N. Kohler

    . 2008. Conceptualizing the built environment as a social–ecological system. Building Research and Information 36(3):248–268.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
30. ↵
    1. Nassauer, J.I.

    1995. Messy ecosystems, orderly frames. Landscape Journal 14(2):161–170.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
31. ↵
    1. Newbold, T.,
    2. L.N. Hudson,
    3. S.L.L. Hill,
    4. S. Contu,
    5. I. Lysenko,
    6. R.A. Senior

    et al. 2015. Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature 520(7545):45–50.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
32. ↵
    1. Nkurikiyimana, D.,
    2. A. Manishimwe and
    3. Y. van der Hoek

    . 2023. Complexity of plant–pollinator interaction networks in East African high-elevation wetlands. African Journal of Ecology 61(3):752–758.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
33. ↵
    1. Oksanen, J.,
    2. F.G. Blanchet,
    3. R. Kindt,
    4. P. Legendre,
    5. P.R. Minchin,
    6. R.B. O’hara

    et al. 2013. Package ‘Vegan.’ Community Ecology Package, Version 2(9):1–295.

    OpenUrl
34. ↵
    1. Perfectti, F.,
    2. J.M. Gómez and
    3. J. Bosch

    . 2009. The functional consequences of diversity in plant–pollinator interactions. Oikos 118(9):1430–1440.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
35. ↵
    1. Piiroinen, T.,
    2. P. Nyeko and
    3. H. Roininen

    . 2015. Natural establishment of indigenous trees under planted nuclei: A study from a clear-felled pine plantation in an Afrotropical rain forest. Forest Ecology and Management 345:21–28.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
36. ↵
    1. Pitman, S.D.,
    2. C.B. Daniels and
    3. M.E. Ely

    . 2015. Green infrastructure as life support: Urban nature and climate change. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 139(1):97–112.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
37. ↵
    1. Rees, W.E.

    1999. The built environment and the ecosphere: A global perspective. Building Research and Information 27(4–5):206–220.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
38. ↵
    1. Roels, S.M.,
    2. M.B. Hannay and
    3. C.A. Lindell

    . 2019. Recovery of bird activity and species richness in an early-stage tropical forest restoration. Avian Conservation and Ecology 14(1):9.

    OpenUrl
39. ↵
    1. Ruiz-Jaén, M.C. and
    2. T.M. Aide

    . 2006. An integrated approach for measuring urban forest restoration success. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 4(2):55–68.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
40. ↵
    1. Seto, K.C.,
    2. B. Güneralp and
    3. R. Hutyra

    . 2012. Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(40):16083–16088.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
41. ↵
    1. van
    2. Breugel, P.,
    3. R. Kindt,
    4. J.P.B. Lillesø,
    5. M. Bingham,
    6. S. Demissew,
    7. C. Dudley

    et al. 2023. Potential natural vegetation map of eastern Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) Version 2.0. Forest and Landscape (Denmark) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). https://vegetationmap4africa.org
42. ↵
    1. Van De
    2. Giesen, N.,
    3. R. Hut, and
    4. J. Selker

    . 2014. The Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO). WIREs Water 1(4):341–348.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
43. ↵
    1. Venter, O.,
    2. E.W. Sanderson,
    3. A. Magrach,
    4. J.R. Allan,
    5. J. Beher,
    6. K.R. Jones

    et al. 2016. Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation. Nature Communications 7(1):12558.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
44. ↵
    1. Weber, A.W.

    1991. Conservation and Development on the Zaire-Nile Divide: An Analysis of Value Conflicts and Convergence in the Management of Afromontane Forests in Rwanda. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin, USA.
45. ↵
    1. Wood, S.N.

    2017. Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R, Second Edition. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
46. 1. Wortley, L.,
    2. J. Hero and
    3. M. Howes

    . 2013. Evaluating ecological restoration success: A review of the literature. Restoration Ecology 21(5):537–543.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
47. ↵
    1. Zuniga-Palacios, J.,
    2. I. Zuria,
    3. I. Castellanos,
    4. C. Lara and
    5. G. Sanchez-Rojas

    . 2021. What do we know (and need to know) about the role of urban habitats as ecological traps? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment 780:146559.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed