Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1. Pseudoroegneria spicata density (plants per m2) at Belgrade as affected by seeding date and year. Fall seeding = 15 November 2017, Spring 1 = 21 April 2018, Spring 2 = 3 May 2018, Spring 3 = 17 May 2018, and Spring 4 = 31 May 2018. Similar letters indicate no difference in density across seeding dates and year. Error bars represent ± 1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Figure 2. Pseudoroegneria spicata cover (%) at Belgrade as affected by year and herbicide application. Similar letters indicate no difference in cover across years and herbicide application. Error bars represent ± 1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Figure 3. Bromus tectorum cover (%) at Belgrade as affected by seeding date and herbicide application in A) 2018 and B) 2019. Fall seeding = 15 November 2017, Spring 1 = 21 April 2018, Spring 2 = 3 May 2018, Spring 3 = 17 May 2018, and Spring 4 = 31 May 2018. Herbicide application occurred 19 October 2017. Similar letters indicate no difference in cover across seeding date, herbicide application and year. Error bars represent ± 1 standard error, α = 0.05. Note that y-axes values are different between A) 2018 and B) 2019.
- Figure 4. Pseudoroegneria spicata density (plants per m2) at Corvallis West as affected by year and herbicide application. Similar letters indicate no difference in density across herbicide application and year. Error bars represent ± 1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Figure 5. Pseudoroegneria spicata cover (%) at Corvallis West as affected by seeding date and herbicide application. Fall seeding = 30 October 2017, Spring 1 = 3 April 2018, Spring 2 = 19 April 2018, Spring 3 = 4 May 2018, and Spring 4 = 15 May 2018. Herbicide application occurred 15 October 2017 (Fall) and 11 April 2018 (Spring). Similar letters indicate no difference in cover across seeding date and herbicide application. Error bars represent ±1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Figure 6. Pseudoroegneria spicata cover (%) at Corvallis West as affected by year and herbicide application. Similar letters indicate no difference in cover across year and herbicide application. Error bars represent ±1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Figure 7. Pseudoroegneria spicata density (plants per m2) at Corvallis East as affected by seeding date and herbicide application. Fall seeding = 30 October 2017, Spring 1 = 3 April 2018, Spring 2 = 19 April 2018, Spring 3 = 4 May 2018, and Spring 4 = 15 May 2018. Herbicide application occurred 15 October 2017 (Fall) and 11 April 2018 (Spring). Similar letters indicate no difference in density across seeding dates and herbicide application. Error bars represent ± 1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Figure 8. Pseudoroegneria spicata density (plants per m2) at Corvallis East as affected by seeding date and year. Fall seeding = 30 October 2017, Spring 1 = 3 April 2018, Spring 2 = 19 April 2018, Spring 3 = 4 May 2018, and Spring 4 = 15 May 2018. Similar letters indicate no difference in density across seeding dates and year. Error bars represent ± 1 standard error, α = 0.05.
- Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass). Albert Spear Hitchcock (revised by Agnes Chase). 1950. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA-NRC PLANTS Database.
Tables
- Table 1.
Site elevation, average temperature and precipitation during the first growing season of the study (NOAA, 2020). Dates of Pseudoroegneria spicata seeding, growing degree days and herbicide application dates. Cumulative growing degree days (GDD = sum of average daily temperature °C–temperature base 4.4°C between 1 March 2018 to 31 May 2018) for Pseudoroegneria spicata by planting date.
Elevation, Temperature, and Precipitation Belgrade Corvallis West Corvallis East Elevation (m) 1363 1096 1424 Avg. Temp. °C (Hi / Lo., 2018 Mar–May) 13 / −1 14 / 2 14 / 2 Avg. Temp. °C (Hi / Lo., 2018 June–Aug.) 27 / 8 26 / 8 26 / 8 Avg. Precip., mm (2018 Mar–May) 53.8 32.5 46.0 Avg. Precip., mm (2018 June–Aug.) 42.7 40.1 40.9 Seeding Dates (day-month-year), and Cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDD) Fall 15-November-17 30-October-17 30-October-17 Spring 1 21-April-18, 34.3 3-April-18, 20.9 3-April-18, 20.9 Spring 2 3-May-18, 85.7 19-April-18, 47.6 19-April-18, 47.6 Spring 3 17-May-18, 201 4-May-18, 118 4-May-18, 118 Spring 4 31-May-18, 210 15-May-18, 338 15-May-18, 338 Herbicide Application Dates (day-month-year) Fall 19-October-17 15-October-17 15-October-17 Spring Not applicable 11-April-18 11-April-18 - Table 2.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table for Pseudoroegneria spicata (PSSP) density and cover and Bromus tectorum (BRTE) cover by site. Year represents sampling year of 2018 and 2019. Values in table represent the following in order: X2/F, p-value, degrees of freedom, with X2 applying to Density and F applying to Cover.
Statistic Belgrade Corvallis West Corvallis East PSSP Density PSSP Cover BRTE Cover PSSP Density PSSP Cover BRTE Cover PSSP Density PSSP Cover BRTE Cover Herbicide X2/F 84.670 74.325 16.830 0.137 30.152 2.828 0.493 1.572 0.706 p-value < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002 0.719 < 0.001 0.124 0.499 0.238 0.420 df 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 1, 10 Seeding X2/F 5.392 1.003 1.315 5.09 15.23 0.856 3.151 1.375 0.398 p-value 0.021 0.459 0.343 0.025 < 0.001 0.529 0.078 0.324 0.805 df 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 4, 8 Year X2/F 47.685 4.66 99.230 10.930 11.701 27.52 17.85 0.088 22.60 p-value < 0.001 0.043 < 0.001 0.004 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.770 < 0.001 df 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 Herbicide * Year X2/F 0.532 29.72 3.069 6.604 5.056 0.151 0.253 0.348 0.083 p-value 0.474 < 0.001 0.095 0.018 0.036 0.702 0.621 0.562 0.777 df 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 1, 20 Seeding * Year X2/F 8.263 1.10 1.619 2.124 0.682 0.033 3.005 0.745 1.098 p-value < 0.001 0.384 0.209 0.116 0.613 0.998 0.043 0.573 0.385 df 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 Herbicide * Seeding X2/F 2.573 0.893 2.092 1.811 6.228 1.149 4.003 0.409 1.043 p-value 0.103 0.503 0.157 0.203 0.009 0.388 0.034 0.799 0.432 df 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 Herbicide * Seeding * Year X2/F 1.250 0.29 3.476 0.124 0.676 0.792 1.061 0.090 1.040 p-value 0.322 0.881 0.026 0.972 0.616 0.544 0.401 0.984 0.412 df 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20 4, 20
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