Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Index/Abstracts
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Call for Papers
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Land Economics
    • Landscape Journal
    • Native Plants Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Ecological Restoration
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Land Economics
    • Landscape Journal
    • Native Plants Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Ecological Restoration

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Index/Abstracts
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Call for Papers
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticleResearch Article
Open Access

Crisis on the Prairies Revisited

Implementation of the Native Prairie Adaptive Management Program

Jill J. Gannon, Todd A. Grant, Sara C. Vacek, Cami S. Dixon and Clinton T. Moore
Ecological Restoration, March 2024, 42 (1) 64-76; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/er.42.1.64
Jill J. Gannon
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, STE 300, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, .
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Todd A. Grant
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, NWRS, Upham, ND.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sara C. Vacek
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, NWRS, Morris, MN.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Cami S. Dixon
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Woodworth Station, Woodworth, ND.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Clinton T. Moore
University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. ↵
    1. Askins, R.A.,
    2. F. Chávez-Ramírez,
    3. B.C. Dale,
    4. C.A. Haas,
    5. J.R. Herkert,
    6. F.L. Knopf and
    7. P.D. Vickery
    . 2007. Conservation of grassland birds in North America: Understanding ecological processes in different regions. Ornithological Monographs 64:1–46.
    OpenUrl
  2. ↵
    1. Beheshti, K.M.,
    2. S.C. Schroeter,
    3. A.A. Deza,
    4. D.C. Reed,
    5. R.S. Smith and
    6. H.M. Page
    . 2023. Large-scale field studies inform adaptive management of California wetland restoration. Restoration Ecology 31:e13936.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Bestelmeyer, B.T.
    2006. Threshold concepts and their use in rangeland management and restoration: The good, the bad, and the insidious. Restoration Ecology 14:325–329.
    OpenUrl
  4. ↵
    1. Bisbal, G.A. and
    2. M.J. Eaton
    . 2023. Considering science needs to deliver actionable science. Conservation Biology 37:e14013. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14013.
    OpenUrl
  5. ↵
    1. Coleman, C.
    2022. Management influences on plant community composition in the Prairie Pothole Region. M.S. Thesis, North Dakota State University.
  6. ↵
    1. DeKeyser, E.S.,
    2. G. Clambey,
    3. K. Krabbenhoft and
    4. J. Ostendorf
    . 2009. Are changes in species composition on central North Dakota rangelands due to non-use management? Rangelands 31:16–19.
    OpenUrl
  7. ↵
    1. DeKeyser, E.S.,
    2. M. Meehan,
    3. G. Clambey and
    4. K. Krabbenhoft
    . 2013. Cool season invasive grasses in Northern Great Plains natural areas. Natural Areas Journal 33:81–90.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  8. ↵
    1. Dixon, C.,
    2. S. Vacek and
    3. T. Grant
    . 2019. Evolving management paradigms on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service lands in the Prairie Pothole Region. Rangelands 41:36–43.
    OpenUrl
    1. Dupey, J.
    2014. Developing techniques to quantify phenological development of Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.): Sampling variability. M.S. Thesis, South Dakota State University.
  9. ↵
    1. Ebberts, B.D.,
    2. B.D. Zelinksy,
    3. J.P. Karnezis,
    4. C.A. Studebaker,
    5. S. Lopez-Johnston,
    6. A.M. Creason et al.
    2018. Estuary ecosystem restoration: Implementing and institutionalizing adaptive management. Restoration Ecology 26:360–369.
    OpenUrl
  10. ↵
    1. Ellis-Felege, S.N.,
    2. C.S. Dixon and
    3. S.D. Wilson
    . 2013. Impacts and management of invasive cool-season grasses in the northern Great Plains: Challenges and opportunities for wildlife. Wildlife Society Bulletin 37:510–516.
    OpenUrl
  11. ↵
    1. Gage, A.M.,
    2. S.K. Olimb and
    3. J. Nelson
    . 2016. Plowprint: Tracking cumulative cropland expansion to target grassland conservation. Great Plains Research 26:107–116.
    OpenUrl
  12. ↵
    1. Gannon, J.J.,
    2. T.L. Shaffer and
    3. C.T. Moore
    . 2013. Adaptive management: A multi-region adaptive approach to invasive plant management on Fish and Wildlife Service owned native prairies. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2013–1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131279.
  13. ↵
    1. Government Accountability Office (GAO)
    . 2007. Agricultural conservation: Farm program payments are an important factor in landowners’ decisions to convert grassland to cropland. Government Accountability Office Report to Congress GAO-07-1054.
  14. ↵
    1. Gergely, K.,
    2. J.M. Scott and
    3. D. Goble
    . 2000. A new direction for the U.S. National Wildlife Refuges: The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997. Natural Areas Journal 20:107–118.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  15. ↵
    1. Grant, T.A.,
    2. B. Flanders-Wanner,
    3. T.L. Shaffer,
    4. R.K. Murphy and
    5. G.A. Knutsen
    . 2009. An emerging crisis across northern prairie refuges: Prevalence of invasive plants and a plan for adaptive management. Ecological Restoration 27:58–65.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  16. ↵
    1. Grant, T.A.,
    2. E.M. Madden,
    3. R.K. Murphy,
    4. K.A. Smith and
    5. M.P. Nenneman
    . 2004. Monitoring native prairie vegetation: The belt transect method. Ecological Restoration 22:106–112.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  17. ↵
    1. Grant, T.A.,
    2. T.L. Shaffer and
    3. B. Flanders
    . 2020a. Patterns of smooth brome, Kentucky bluegrass, and shrub invasion in the Northern Great Plains vary with temperature and precipitation. Natural Areas Journal 40:11–22.
    OpenUrl
  18. ↵
    1. Grant, T.A.,
    2. T.L. Shaffer and
    3. B. Flanders
    . 2020b. Resiliency of native prairies to invasion by Kentucky bluegrass, smooth brome, and woody vegetation. Rangeland Ecology and Management 73:321–328.
    OpenUrl
  19. ↵
    1. Great Lakes Commission
    . 2023. Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative. Accessed August 18, 2023. https://www.greatlakesphragmites.net/pamf/.
  20. ↵
    1. Hendrickson, J.R. and
    2. C. Lund
    . 2010. Plant community and target species affect responses to restoration strategies. Rangeland Management and Ecology 63:435–442.
    OpenUrl
  21. ↵
    1. Hunt, V.M.,
    2. S.K. Jacobi,
    3. J.J. Gannon,
    4. J. Zorn,
    5. C.T. Moore and
    6. E.V. Lonsdorf
    . 2016. A decision support tool for adaptive management of native prairie ecosystems. Interfaces 46:334–344.
    OpenUrl
    1. Igl, L.D.,
    2. W.E. Newton,
    3. T.A. Grant and
    4. C.S. Dixon
    . 2018. Adaptive management in native grasslands managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Implications for grassland birds. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2018–1152.
    1. Kobiela, B.,
    2. J. Quast,
    3. C. Dixon and
    4. E.S. Dekeyser
    . 2017. Targeting introduced species to improve community composition on USFWS-managed prairie remnants. Natural Areas Journal 37:150–160.
    OpenUrl
  22. ↵
    1. McFadden, J.E.,
    2. T.L. Hiller and
    3. A.J. Tyre
    . 2011. Evaluating the efficacy of adaptive management approaches: Is there a formula for success? Journal of Environmental Management 92:1354–1359.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  23. ↵
    1. McGowan, C.P.,
    2. D.R. Smith,
    3. J.D. Nichols,
    4. J.E. Lyons,
    5. J. Sweka,
    6. K. Kalasz et al.
    2015. Implementation of a framework for multi-species, multi-objective adaptive management in Delaware Bay. Biological Conservation 191:759–769.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. McNie, E.C.
    2007. Reconciling the supply of scientific information with user demands: An analysis of the problem and review of the literature. Environmental Science & Policy 10:17–38.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  25. ↵
    1. Moore, C.T.,
    2. J.J. Gannon and
    3. T.L. Shaffer
    . 2018. NPAM predictive model improvements and piloting NPAM on partner lands. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Cooperator Science Series 130–2018. https://doi.org/10.3996/css74130649.
  26. ↵
    1. Moore, C.T.,
    2. J.J. Gannon,
    3. T.L. Shaffer and
    4. C.S. Dixon
    . 2020. An adaptive approach to vegetation management in native prairies on the northern Great Plains. Pages 246–257 in M.C. Runge, A.J. Converse, J.E. Lyons and D.R. Smith (eds.), Structured Decision Making. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  27. ↵
    1. Moore, C.T.,
    2. E.V. Lonsdorf,
    3. M.G. Knutson,
    4. H.P. Laskowski and
    5. S.K. Lor
    . 2011. Adaptive management in the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System: Science-management partnerships for conservation delivery. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 1395–1402.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  28. ↵
    1. Moore, C.T.,
    2. T.L. Shaffer and
    3. J.J. Gannon
    . 2013. Spatial education: Improving conservation delivery though space-structured decision making. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4:199–210.
    OpenUrl
  29. ↵
    1. Murphy, R.K. and
    2. T.A. Grant
    . 2005. Land management history and floristics in mixed-grass prairie, North Dakota, USA. Natural Areas Journal 25:359–368.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  30. ↵
    1. Nichols, J.D.,
    2. M.C. Runge,
    3. F.A. Johnson and
    4. B.K. Williams
    . 2007. Adaptive harvest management of North American waterfowl populations: A brief history and future prospects. Journal of Ornithology 148 (Supplement 2):S343–S349.
    OpenUrl
  31. ↵
    1. Nichols, J.D. and
    2. B.K. Williams
    . 2006. Monitoring for conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21:668–673.
    OpenUrl
  32. ↵
    1. Noe, G.B.,
    2. M.Q.N. Fellows,
    3. L. Parsons,
    4. J. West,
    5. J. Callaway,
    6. S. Trnka et al.
    2019. Adaptive management assists reintroduction as higher tides threaten an endangered salt marsh plant. Restoration Ecology 27:750–757.
    OpenUrl
    1. Preister, L.
    2019. A model to identify smooth brome elongation using correlation of mean stage count and accumulated growing degree days. Natural Areas Journal 39:364–371.
    OpenUrl
  33. ↵
    1. Printz, J.L. and
    2. J.R. Hendrickson
    . 2015. Impacts of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) invasion on ecological processes in the Northern Great Plains. Rangelands 37:226–232.
    OpenUrl
  34. ↵
    1. Samson, F.B. and
    2. F.L. Knopf
    . 1994. Prairie conservation in North America. Bioscience 44:418–421.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  35. ↵
    1. Samson, F.B.,
    2. F.L. Knopf and
    3. W.R. Ostlie
    . 2004. Great Plains ecosystems: Past, present, and future. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:6–15.
    OpenUrl
  36. ↵
    1. Smith, K.A.
    2020. A story of dedication—returning the northern mixed grass prairie to Lostwood. Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge. Region 3 NWRS General Technical Report Series no. 2020(1).
  37. ↵
    1. Stephens, S.E.,
    2. J.A. Walker,
    3. D.R. Blunck,
    4. A. Jayaraman,
    5. D.E. Naugle,
    6. J.K. Ringelman and
    7. A.J. Smith
    . 2008. Predicting risk of habitat conversion in native temperate grasslands. Conservation Biology 22:1320–1330.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  38. ↵
    1. Toledo, D.,
    2. M. Sanderson,
    3. K. Spaeth,
    4. J. Hendrickson and
    5. J. Printz
    . 2014. Extent of Kentucky bluegrass and its effect on native plant species diversity and ecosystem services in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Invasive Plant Science and Management 7:543–552.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  39. ↵
    1. Williams, B.K.,
    2. R.C. Szaro and
    3. C.D. Shapiro
    . 2009. Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide. Adaptive Management Working Group, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
  40. ↵
    1. Willson, G.D. and
    2. J. Stubbendieck
    . 2000. A provisional model for smooth brome management in degraded tallgrass prairie. Ecological Restoration 18:34–38.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  41. ↵
    1. Wimberly, M.C.,
    2. L.L. Janssen,
    3. D.A. Hennessy,
    4. M. Luri,
    5. N.M. Chowdhury and
    6. H. Feng
    . 2017. Cropland expansion and grassland loss in the eastern Dakotas: New insights from a farm-level survey. Land Use Policy 63:160–173.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Ecological Restoration: 42 (1)
Ecological Restoration
Vol. 42, Issue 1
March 2024
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Ecological Restoration.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Crisis on the Prairies Revisited
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Ecological Restoration
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Ecological Restoration web site.
Citation Tools
Crisis on the Prairies Revisited
Jill J. Gannon, Todd A. Grant, Sara C. Vacek, Cami S. Dixon, Clinton T. Moore
Ecological Restoration Mar 2024, 42 (1) 64-76; DOI: 10.3368/er.42.1.64

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Crisis on the Prairies Revisited
Jill J. Gannon, Todd A. Grant, Sara C. Vacek, Cami S. Dixon, Clinton T. Moore
Ecological Restoration Mar 2024, 42 (1) 64-76; DOI: 10.3368/er.42.1.64
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • Phase I: Inventory Service-Owned Native Prairies in North Dakota and South Dakota
    • Phase II: Develop an Adaptive Management Framework to Guide Restoration of Service-Owned Prairies
    • Phase III: Implement the Adaptive Management Framework
    • Conclusions
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Effects of Restoration on Small Headwater Stream Quality
  • Container Type but not Substrate or Hydrogel affects Establishment of Sandhill Milkweed (Asclepias humistrata)
  • Natural Regeneration Dynamics of Himalayan Forests
Show more Research Article

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • invasive species
  • Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
  • prairie management
  • restoration
  • smooth brome (Bromus inermis)
UW Press logo

© 2025 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire