Land Restoration Amid Male Outmigration: The Cases of Burkina Faso and Kenya

Jennifer C. Langill; Mary Crossland; Marlène Elias; Barbara Vinceti; Ana Maria Paez Valencia; Alain Traoré; Daouda Traoré

doi:10.3368/er.41.4.220

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Figure 1.
Study sites located in Burkina Faso and Kenya, Africa (A). Specific study site locations in Oubritenga Province, Burkina Faso (B), and Makueni, Kitui and Machakos Counties, Kenya (C).
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Figure 2.
Promoted restoration activities implemented by surveyed households.
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Figure 3.
Limitations to family farming among migrant-sending households in Burkina Faso (n=96).
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Figure 4.
Household member participation in land restoration activities—Burkina Faso. Who participated in decision to adopt restoration activities (A), who contributed to the implementation and maintenance of restoration activities (B), who has the skills to manage and maintain restoration activities (C), and who has received capacity building for restoration activities (D).
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Figure 5.
Limitations to family farming among migrant-sending households in Kenya (n=425).
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Figure 6.
Household member participation in land restoration activities—Kenya. Who participated in decision-making to adopt restoration activities (A) and who contributed to the implementation and maintenance of restoration activities (B).
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Figure 7.
Conceptualization of household’s capacity for land restoration amid outmigration.

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Table 1.

Characteristics of households with migrating members.

	Burkina Faso (n=96)	Kenya (n=425)
Household Size^*
Total household members	12.68 (3-30)	5.68 (1-36)
Adult household members	6.14 (2-14)	3.27 (1-10)
Household Cultivated Land Size (hectares)^*	3.34 ha (0.5-25)	2.00 ha (0.05-15)
Migration Status
Permanent migrants only	27% (26)	17% (71)
Temporary migrants only	64% (61)	69% (295)
Both permanent and temporary migrants	9% (9)	14% (59)

↵* Presented as mean (range).

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Table 2.

Self-reported family farm soil characteristics in Kenya.

	Households with Permanent Migrants Only (n=71)	Households with Temporary Migrants Only (n=295)	Households with Both Migrant Types (n=59)
Soil Quality
High	13% (9)	13% (37)	19% (11)
Medium	56% (40)	66% (194)	63% (37)
Low	31% (22)	22% (64)	19% (11)
Soil Erosion	76% (54)	68% (201)	78% (46)
Soil Surface Crusted	28% (20)	22% (65)	15% (9)
Erosion Control Measures Implemented	76% (53)	67% (196)	78% (45)