Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Bray-Curtis principal coordinates analysis. Colors indicate season, circle fill indicates treatment. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
- Figure 2.
Percent cover (mean ± 1 SE) of A) sown forbs, B) sown grasses, and C) nonsown species. Cover can exceed 100% due to overlap. Seasons that are significantly different (p < 0.05) are indicated with different letters. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
- Figure 3.
A) Average (mean ± 1 SE) species richness, B) evenness, and C) exponent of Shannon diversity. Species richness (mean ± 1 SE) of D) sown forbs, E) sown grasses, and F) nonsown species. Diversity metrics are at the 4-m2 scale. Seasons that are significantly different (p < 0.05) are indicated with different letters. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Prairie hens. Source: Goodrich, S.G. Goodrich. 1859. Animal Kingdom Illustrated. Vol 2 (New York, NY: Derby & Jackson), The Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, fcit.usf.edu.
Tables
- Table 1.
The 15 species that contribute the most to the compositional differences between early and late-season surveys based on Bray-Curtis SIMPER analysis, their common names, functional groups (based on sowing and growth form), origin (native or nonnative), percent contributions to the compositional differences between seasons (% Cont.), abundance ranks based on average percent cover across both surveys (Cover Rank), and which season they are most abundant (Season). Symphyotrichum* refers to a mix of S. pilosum (frost aster) and S. ericoides (heath aster).
Genus and Species Common Name Functional Group Origin % Cont. Cover Rank Season Symphyotrichum* Aster Nonsown forb Native 5.20 7 Late Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Nonsown grass Nonnative 5.15 4 Late Bromus inermis Smooth brome Nonsown grass Nonnative 5.03 5 Early Torilis arvensis Spreading hedgeparsley Nonsown forb Nonnative 4.90 11 Early Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gammagrass Sown grass Native 4.09 10 Late Monarda fistulosa Wild bergamot Sown forb Native 3.59 1 Early Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem Sown grass Native 3.59 2 Late Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass Nonsown grass Nonnative 3.57 16 Early Helianthus grosseserratus Sawtooth sunflower Sown forb Native 3.38 8 Late Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass Sown grass Native 3.15 9 Late Penstemon digitalis Smooth beardtongue Sown forb Native 2.68 3 Early Ratibida pinnata Grey-head prairie coneflower Sown forb Native 2.65 6 Late Vernonia baldwinii Western ironweed Sown forb Native 2.58 13 Early Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster Sown forb Native 2.55 15 Late Eupatorium altissimum Tall boneset Nonsown forb Native 2.35 14 Late - Table 2.
Percent contributions to the compositional differences between early and late samples based on SIMPER analysis with Bray-Curtis similarity, and percent of total cover (normalized to 100%) of each functional group (based on sowing and growth form).
Functional Group % Contribution % of Total Cover Sown forb 34% 43% Sown grass 16% 18% Nonsown forb 31% 21% Nonsown graminoid 16% 14% Nonsown woody 4% 3%
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