Species Composition and Ecological Characteristics of Native Seed Mixes in the Midwest (USA)

References

1. 1. Ashworth, A.J.,
   2. T. Adams and
   3. A. Jacobs

   . 2022. Long-term sustainability implications of diverse commercial pollinator mixes for the Conservation Reserve Program. Agronomy 12:549.

   OpenUrl
2. 1. Auffenorde, T.M. and
   2. W.A. Wistendahl

   . 1985. The composition, structure, and phenology of the vegetation at the O.E. Anderson Compass-Plant Prairie in unglaciated southeastern Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science 85:50–59.

   OpenUrl
3. 1. Baer, S.G.,
   2. D.J. Kitchen,
   3. J.M. Blair and
   4. C.W. Rice

   . 2002. Changes in ecosystem structure and function along a chronosequence of restored grasslands. Ecological Applications 12:1688–1701.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
4. 1. Barak, R.S.,
   2. E.W. Williams,
   3. A.L. Hipp,
   4. M.L. Bowles,
   5. G.M. Carr,
   6. R. Sherman

   , et al. 2017. Restored tallgrass prairies have reduced phylogenetic diversity compared with remnants. Journal of Applied Ecology 54:1080–1090.

   OpenUrl
5. 1. Barak, R.S.,
   2. Z. Ma,
   3. L.A. Brudvig and
   4. K. Havens

   . 2021. Factors influencing seed mix design for prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology e13581.
6. 1. Barr, S.,
   2. J.L. Jonas and
   3. M.W. Paschke

   . 2017. Optimizing seed mixture diversity and seeding rates for grassland restoration. Restoration Ecology 25:396–404.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Boeck Crew, C.M.,
   2. M.C. Myers,
   3. M.E. Sherrard,
   4. K.J. Elgersma,
   5. G.A. Houseal and
   6. D.D. Smith

   . 2020. Stratification and perigynia removal improve total germination and germination speed in 3 upland prairie sedge species. Native Plants Journal 21:120–131.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
8. 1. Broadhurst, L.M.,
   2. T.A. Jones,
   3. F.S. Smith,
   4. T. North and
   5. L. Guja

   . 2016. Maximizing seed resources for restoration in an uncertain future. BioScience 66:73–79.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. 1. Brudvig, L.A.,
   2. C.M. Mabry and
   3. L.M. Mottl

   . 2010. Dispersal, not understory light competition, limits restoration of Iowa woodland understory herbs. Restoration Ecology 19:24–31.

   OpenUrl
10. 1. Coppedge, B.R.,
    2. D.M. Leslie Jr. and
    3. J.H. Shaw

    . 1998. Botanical composition of bison diets on tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma. Journal of Range Management 51:379–382.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
11. 1. Dapporto, L.,
    2. H. Ramazzotti,
    3. S. Fattorini,
    4. R. Vila,
    5. G. Talavera and
    6. R.H.L. Dennis

    . 2020. recluster: Ordination methods for the analysis of beta-diversity indices. R package v. 2.9.
12. 1. Feinerer, I. and
    2. K. Hornik

    . 2020. tm: Text mining package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tm.
13. 1. Fellows, I.

    2018. wordcloud: Word Clouds. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/wordcloud/index.html.
14. 1. Freyman, W.A.,
    2. L.A. Masters and
    3. S. Packard

    . 2016. The Universal Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) Calculator: An online tool for ecological assessment and monitoring. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7:380–383.

    OpenUrl
15. 1. Gann, G.D.,
    2. T. McDonald,
    3. B. Walder,
    4. J. Aronson,
    5. C.R. Nelson,
    6. J. Jonson

    , et al. 2019. International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration. Second edition. Restoration Ecology 27:S1–S46.

    OpenUrl
16. 1. Gibson-Roy, P.

    2018. Restoring grassy ecosystems—Feasible or fiction? An inquisitive Australian’s experience in the USA. Ecological Management and Restoration 19:11–25.

    OpenUrl
17. 1. Grman, E.,
    2. T. Bassett,
    3. C.R. Zirbel and
    4. L.A. Brudvig

    . 2015. Dispersal and establishment filters influence the assembly of restored prairie plant communities. Restoration Ecology 23:892–899.

    OpenUrl
18. 1. Grman, E.,
    2. C.R. Zirbel,
    3. J.T. Bauer,
    4. A.M. Groves,
    5. T. Bassett and
    6. L.A. Brudvig

    . 2020. Super-abundant C4 grasses are a mixed blessing in restored prairies. Restoration Ecology 29:e13281.
19. 1. Hansen, M.J. and
    2. D.J. Gibson

    . 2014. Use of multiple criteria in an ecological assessment of a prairie restoration chronosequence. Applied Vegetation Science 17:63–73.

    OpenUrl
20. 1. Harmon-Threatt, A.N. and
    2. S.D. Hendrix

    . 2015. Prairie restorations and bees: The potential ability of seed mixes to foster native bee communities. Basic and Applied Ecology 16:64–72.

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Havens, K. and
    2. P. Vitt

    . 2016. The importance of phenological diversity in seed mixes for pollinator restoration. Natural Areas Journal 36:531–537.

    OpenUrl
22. 1. Hough, P. and
    2. M. Robertson

    . 2009. Mitigation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act: Where it comes from, what it means. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:15–33.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Houseal, G.A. and
    2. D.D. Smith

    . 2010. Upland sedge (Carex spp.) propagation for seed increase. Proceedings of the North America Prairie Conference 21:132–138.

    OpenUrl
24. 1. Iverson, L.R.,
    2. A. Prasad and
    3. D.M. Ketzner

    . 1997. A summary of the Illinois flora based on the Illinois Plant Information Network. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 90:41–64.

    OpenUrl
25. 1. Jog, S.,
    2. K. Kindscher,
    3. E. Questad,
    4. B. Foster and
    5. H. Loring

    . 2006. Floristic Quality as an indicator of native species diversity in managed grasslands. Natural Areas Journal 26:149–167.

    OpenUrl
26. 1. Jones, T.A.

    2019. Native seeds in the marketplace: Meeting restoration needs in the Intermountain West, United States. Rangeland Ecology and Management 72:1017–1029.

    OpenUrl
27. 1. Kindscher, K. and
    2. L.L. Tieszen

    . 1998. Floristic and soil organic matter changes after thirty-five years of native tallgrass prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology 6:181–196.

    OpenUrl
28. 1. Koleff, P.,
    2. K.J. Gaston and
    3. J.J. Lennon

    . 2003. Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data. Journal of Animal Ecology 72:367–382.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Ladouceur, E.,
    2. J. McGowan,
    3. P. Huber,
    4. H. Possingham,
    5. D. Scridel,
    6. R. van Klink

    , et al. 2022. An objective-based prioritization approach to support trophic complexity through ecological restoration species mixes. Journal of Applied Ecology 59:394–407.

    OpenUrl
30. 1. Ladwig, L.M.,
    2. C.R. Zirbel,
    3. Q.M. Sorenson and
    4. E.I. Damschen

    . 2020. A taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional comparison of restoration seed mixes and historical plant communities in Midwestern oak savannas. Forest Ecology and Management 466:118122.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. McCain, K.N.S.,
    2. S.G. Baer,
    3. J.M. Blair and
    4. G.W.T. Wilson

    . 2010. Dominant grasses suppress local diversity in restored tallgrass prairie. Restoration Ecology 18:40–49.

    OpenUrl
32. 1. McClain, W.E.,
    2. J.E. Ebinger and
    3. C.R. McClain

    . 2014. Vegetation of Denby Prairie Nature Preserve, Macoupin County, Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 107:43–46.

    OpenUrl
33. 1. Meissen, J.C.,
    2. A.J. Glidden,
    3. M.E. Sherrard,
    4. K.J. Elgersma and
    5. L.L. Jackson

    . 2020. Seed mix design and first year management influence multifunctionality and cost-effectiveness in prairie reconstruction. Restoration Ecology 28:807–816.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. Merritt, D.J. and
    2. K.W. Dixon

    . 2011. Restoration seed banks—A matter of scale. Science 332:424–425.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
35. 1. Pedrini, S.,
    2. P. Gibson-Roy,
    3. C. Trivedi,
    4. C. Gálvez-Ramírez,
    5. K. Hardwick,
    6. N. Shaw

    , et al. 2020. Collection and production of native seeds for ecological restoration. Restoration Ecology 28:S228–S238.

    OpenUrl
36. 1. Peppin, D.L.,
    2. P.Z. Fulé,
    3. J.C. Lynn,
    4. A.L. Mottek-Lucas and
    5. C. Hull Sieg

    . 2010. Market perceptions and opportunities for native plant production on the southern Colorado Plateau. Restoration Ecology 18:113–124.

    OpenUrl
37. 1. Piper, J.K.,
    2. E.S. Schmidt and
    3. A.J. Janzen

    . 2007. Effects of species richness on resident and target species components in a prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology 15:189–198.

    OpenUrl
38. 1. Pratt, B. and
    2. S. Wallander

    . 2022. Cover practice definitions and incentives in the Conservation Reserve Program. EIB-233, USDA Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=103351.
39. 1. Quinlan, G.M.,
    2. M.O. Milbrath,
    3. C.R.V Otto and
    4. R. Isaacs

    . 2021. Farmland in U.S. Conservation Reserve Program has unique floral composition that promotes bee summer foraging. Basic and Applied Ecology 56:358–368.

    OpenUrl
40. R Core Team. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.
41. 1. Reed, P.B. Jr.

    . 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: National summary. Report No. 88(26.3). Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
42. 1. Rowe, H.I.

    2010. Tricks of the trade: Techniques and opinions from 38 experts in tallgrass prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology 18:253–262.

    OpenUrl
43. 1. Shadow, R.A.

    2009. Virginia wildrye Elymus virginicus L. plant guide. USDA NRCS. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_PLANTMATERIALS/publications/etpmcpg8996.pdf.
44. 1. Shaw, N.,
    2. R.S. Barak,
    3. R.E. Campbell,
    4. A. Kirmer,
    5. S. Pedrini,
    6. K.W. Dixon

    , et al. 2020. Seed use in the field: Delivering seeds for restoration success. Restoration Ecology 28:S276–S285.

    OpenUrl
45. 1. Simanonok, S.C.,
    2. C.R.V. Otto and
    3. D.A. Buhl

    . 2021. Floral resource selection by wild bees and honey bees in the Midwest United States: Implications for designing pollinator habitat. Restoration Ecology 29:e13456.
46. 1. Sivicek, V.A. and
    2. J.B. Taft

    . 2011. Functional Group Density as an index for assessing habitat quality in tallgrass prairie. Ecological Indicators 11:1251–1258.

    OpenUrl
47. 1. Smith, M.D. and
    2. A.K. Knapp

    . 2003. Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss. Ecology Letters 6:509–517.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
48. 1. Stubbs, M.

    2014. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): Status and issues. Congressional Research Service R42783. Available at www.nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/R42783.pdf.
49. 1. Tillman, S.C.

    2020. Wetland mitigation banking in the Chicago area: An assessment of ecological outcomes and compliance with performance standards. M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
50. US Army Corps of Engineers. 2020. NWPL—National Wetland Plant List. wetland-plants.sec.usace.army.mil/.
51. USDA-FSA. 2016. CP42 pollinator habitat. Establishing and supporting diverse pollinator-friendly habitat. htttp://www.fsa.usda.gov/.
52. USDA, NRCS. 2020. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC. plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/java/.
53. 1. White, A.,
    2. J.B. Fant,
    3. K. Havens,
    4. M. Skinner and
    5. A.T. Kramer

    . 2018. Restoring species diversity: Assessing capacity in the U.S. native plant industry. Restoration Ecology 26:605–611.

    OpenUrl
54. 1. Wilhelm, G. and
    2. L. Rericha

    . 2017. Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Academy of Science.
55. 1. Wilsey, B.J.

    2010. Productivity and subordinate species response to dominant grass species and seed source during restoration. Restoration Ecology 18:628–637.

    OpenUrl
56. 1. Zinnen, J. and
    2. J.W. Matthews

    . 2022. Native species richness of commercial plant vendors in the Midwestern United States. Native Plants Journal 23:4–16.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
57. 1. Zinnen, J.,
    2. L.B. Broadhurst,
    3. T.A. Jones,
    4. P. Gibson-Roy and
    5. J.W. Matthews

    . 2021. Seed production areas are crucial to conservation outcomes: Benefits and risks of an emerging restoration tool. Biodiversity and Conservation 30:1233–1256.

    OpenUrl