Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Map of study area.
- Figure 2.
Framework for assessing social equity of FMNR (adapted from Pascual et al. 2014).
Tables
- Table 1.
Description and sample size for each data collection tool, together with information on where and during which research phase(s) each tool was used.
Data Collection Tool Sample Location(s) Study Phases Key informant interviews with experts, male Fulani pastoralists, and traditional authorities n = 26 (members of government, NGOs, community-based organizations, research institutes, academia, a private company, a male elder from a Tindana lineage, elders, and Chief of Winkogo) Government, NGO, and research institute offices; Cafés in Tamale and Bolgatanga; communities in Talensi district Phases 1, 2, and 3 Focus group discussions (based on natural resource mapping, historical timelines, and PGIS mapping protocols) n = 12 (three each of female-only; male-only; and younger peopleonly, which included a mix of young men and women) Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo Phases 1 and 3 On-farm transect walks (household system diagrams) n = 3 Duusi Phases 1 Community transect walks n = 3 (one in each study site) Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo Phase 1 and 2 Semi-structured interviews n = 78 (42 men, 36 women, of which 13 were between 18–35 years of age) Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo Phase 2 Semi-structured interviews (second round interviews with community participants using proportional piling protocol) n = 21 (12 men and nine women, of which four were between 18–35 years of age) Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo Phase 3 Semi-structured interviews (third round interviews with community participants using on-farm transect protocol) (n = 9, seven men and two women, of which three were between 18–35 years of age) Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo Phase 3 Informal conversations Community members and key informants Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo; district and regional government offices Phases 1, 2, and 3 Participant observation Field-based observations during on-farm interviews and focus group discussions, recorded daily in field notes; overt observation of FMNR Group pruning session at a community FMNR site Duusi, Namoligo, and Winkogo Phases 1, 2, and 3 - Table 2.
Study site communities in Talensi district with information on initial dates of FMNR implementation, site characterizations, and a brief characterization of livelihood bases for each community.
Community Initial Date of FMNR Implementation Site Characterization Livelihood Base Namoligo 2009 Rural Farming, livestock production, mining at the nearby concessions, small-scale artisanal mining, shea production, labor migration to towns in southern Ghana Winkogo 2015 Peri-urban Farming (including dry season vegetable farming), livestock production, basket weaving, shea production, trade and informal wage labor in Bolgatanga Town, labor migration to towns in southern Ghana Duusi 2018 Very rural Farming, livestock production, shea processing, small-scale artisanal mining, shea production, labor migration to towns in southern Ghana
