Restoration of Urban Water Commons: Navigating Social-Ecological Fault Lines and Inequities

References

1. ↵
   1. Annaswamy, T.V.

   2003. Bengaluru to Bangalore: Urban History of Bangalore from the Pre-Historic Period to the End of the 18th Century. Royal Botanic Gardens, Bangalore, India: Vengadam Publishers.
2. ↵
   1. Appadurai, A.

   2001. Deep democracy: Urban governmentality and the horizon of politics. Environment and Urbanization 13:23–43.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
3. ↵
   1. Baviskar, A.

   2018. City limits: Looking for environment and justice in the urban context. Pages 85–97 in Lele, S., Brondizio S., Byrne J. Mace G.M. Martinez-Alier J. (eds.) Rethinking Environmentalism: Linking Justice, Sustainability and Diversity Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
4. ↵
   1. Benjamin, S.

   . 2000. Governance, economic settings and poverty in Bangalore. Environment and Urbanization 12:35–56.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
5. ↵
   1. Broto, C.
   2. V.

   . 2019. Urban energy landscapes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
6. ↵
   1. Clarkson, B.D.,
   2. C.L. Kirby

   . 2016. Ecological restoration in urban environments in New Zealand. Ecological Management and Restoration 17:180–190.

   OpenUrl
7. ↵
   1. de Certeau, M.

   1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. London, UK: University of California Press.
8. 1. Denis, E. and
   2. M.H. Zérah

   (eds). 2017. Subaltern Urbanization in India: An Introduction to the Dynamics of Ordinary Towns. New Delhi, india: Springer.
9. 1. D'Souza, R.,
   2. H. Nagendra

   . 2011. Change in public commons as a consequence of urbanization: The Agara Lake in Bangalore, India. Environmental Management 47:84–850.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Elmqvist, T.,
    2. H. Setälä,
    3. S.N. Handel,
    4. S. van der Ploeg,
    5. J. Aronson,
    6. J.N. Blignaut,
    7. E. Gómez-Baggethun,
    8. D.J. Nowak,
    9. J. Kronenberg,
    10. R. de Groot

    . 2015. Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas. Current Opinions in Environmental Sustainability 14:101–108.

    OpenUrl
11. ↵
    1. Fox, H. and
    2. G. Cundill

    . 2018. Towards increased communityengaged ecological restoration: A review of current practice and future directions. Ecological Restoration 36:208–218.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
12. 1. Gibas, P. and
    2. I. Boumova

    . 2019. The urbanization of nature in a (post)socialist metropolis: An urban political ecology of allotment gardening. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 44:18–37.

    OpenUrl
13. ↵
    1. Gobster, P.H.

    . 2007. Urban park restoration and the ‘museumification’ of nature. Nature and Culture 2:95–114.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. ↵
    1. Gurakkal, R.

    . 1986. Aspects of reservoir system of irrigation in the early Pandya state. Studies in History 2:155–164.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
15. ↵
    1. Jaitman, L.

    . 2015. Urban infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean: Public policy priorities. Latin American Economic Review 24:1–57.

    OpenUrl
16. ↵
    1. Jaysawal, N. and
    2. S. Saha

    . 2014. Urbanization in India: An impact assessment. International Journal of Applied Sociology 4:60–65.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Johnson, L.R. and
    2. S.N. Handel

    . 2019. Management intensity steers the long term fate of ecological restoration in urban woodlands. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 41:85–92.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Kaika, M.

    2005. City of Flows: Modernity, Nature, and the City. London, UK: Psychology Press.
19. ↵
    1. McDonald, T.,
    2. G.D.,
    3. J. Jonson and
    4. K.W. Dixon

    . 2016. International standards for the practice of ecological restoration–including principles and key concepts. Society for Ecological Restoration, Washington, D.C.
20. ↵
    1. Melosi, M.

    2008. The Sanitary City: Environmental Services in Urban America from Colonial Times to the Present (abridged edition). Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburg Press.
21. ↵
    1. Mosse, D.

    . 1997. The symbolic making of a common property resource: History, ecology and locality in a tank irrigated landscape in south India. Development and Change 28:467–504.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
22. ↵
    1. Mundoli, S,.
    2. B. Manjunath and
    3. H. Nagendra

    . 2015. Effects of urbanisation on the use of lakes as commons in the peri-urban interface of Bengaluru, India. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development. 7:89–108.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Nagendra, H.

    2016a. Restoration of the Kaikondrahalli Lake in Bangalore: Forging a new urban commons. Pune, Maharashtra: Kalpavriksh.
24. 1. Nagendra, H.

    2016b. Nature in the City: Bengaluru in the Past, Present, and Future. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
25. ↵
    1. NITI AYOG

    . 2015. Lake Restoration: Two successful models of lake restoration in Rajasthan (Mansagar) and Karnataka (Kaikondrahalli). niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/bestpractices/Lake%20Restoration%20Two%20successful%20models%20of%20lake%20restoration%20in%20Rajasthan%20%28Mansagar%29%20and%20Karnataka%20%28Kaikondrahalli%29.pdf.
26. ↵
    1. Rao, M.S.A.

    1970. Urbanization and Social Change: A Study of a Rural Community on a Metropolitan Fringe. Poona, India: Orient Longmans Ltd.
27. ↵
    1. Rice, B.L.

    1897. Mysore: A Gazetteer Compiled for Government, revised edition. London, UK: Archibald Constable and Company.
28. ↵
    1. Sassen, S.

    . 2000. Spatialities and temporalities of the global: Elements for a theorization. Public Culture. 12:215–232.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Sen, A. and
    2. H. Nagendra

    . 2020a. The role of environmental placemaking in shaping contemporary environmentalism and understanding land change. Journal of Land Use Science. 14:410–424.

    OpenUrl
30. 1. Sen, A. and
    2. H. Nagendra

    . 2020b. The differentiated impacts of urbanization on lake communities in Bengaluru, India. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development. doi: 10.1080/19463138.2020.1770260.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
31. ↵
    1. Shah, E.

    2003. Social Designs: Tank Irrigation Technology and Agrarian Transformation in Karnataka, South India. Hyderabad, India: Orient Longmans Ltd.
32. ↵
    1. Shah, E.

    . 2012. Seeing like a subaltern: Historical ethnography of premodern and modern tank irrigation technology in Karnataka, India. Water Alternatives. 5:507–538.

    OpenUrl
33. ↵
    1. Srinivas, S.

    2002. Cities of the past and cities of the future: Theorizing the Indian metropolis of Bangalore. Pages 247–277 in J., Eade and C. Mele (eds.) Understanding the City: Contemporary and Future Perspectives, Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
34. ↵
    1. Sudhira, H.S. and
    2. H. Nagendra

    2013. Local assessment of Bangalore: Greying and greening in Bangalore–impacts of urbanization on ecosystems, ecosystem services and biodiversity. Pages 75–92 in T. Elmqvist, M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Guneralp, P.J. Marcotullio, R.I. McDonald (eds.) Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities, New York and London: Springer.
35. ↵
    1. Sudhira, H.S.,
    2. T.V. Ramachandra and
    3. M.H.B. Subrahmanya

    . 2007. Bangalore. Cities. 24:379–332.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. Thippaiah, P.

    . 2009. Vanishing lakes: A study of Bangalore city. Social and Economic Change Monograph No 17. Bengaluru, India: Institute for Social and Economic Change.
37. ↵
    1. Unnikrishnan, H.

    . 2018. Thinking beyond fairy lights and fountains: Lessons from the waterscape of Bengaluru. Ecology, Economy and Society–The INSEE Journal. 1:95–99.

    OpenUrl
38. ↵
    1. Unnikrishnan, H.,
    2. B. Manjunatha and
    3. H. Nagendra

    . 2016. Contested urban commons: Mapping the transition of a lake to a sports stadium in Bangalore. International Journal of the Commons. 10:265–293.

    OpenUrl
39. ↵
    1. Unnikrishnan, H.,
    2. H. Nagendra,
    3. H.

    . 2018. From pulley to pipe: The decline of the wells of Bangalore Arcadia (Spring 2018). Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society.
40. ↵
    1. Unnikrishnan, H., and
    2. H. Nagendra

    . 2020. Quenching a city’s thirst: The shifting waters of Bangalore. Elsevier Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences doi:doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.12425-X

    OpenUrlCrossRef
41. ↵
    1. Unnikrishnan, H.,
    2. B. Manjunatha,
    3. H. Nagendra, and
    4. V. Castán Broto

    . 2020. Water governance and the colonial urban project: The Dharmambudhi lake in Bengaluru, India. Urban Geography. doi: 10.1080/02723638.2019.1709756.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
42. 1. Unnikrishnan, H., and
    2. H. Nagendra

    . 2015. Privatizing the commons: Impact on ecosystem services in Bangalore’s lakes. Urban Ecosystems. 18:613–632.

    OpenUrl
43. ↵
    1. Unnikrishnan, H.,
    2. S. Sen and
    3. H. Nagendra

    . 2017. Traditional water bodies and urban resilience: A historical perspective from Bengaluru, India. Water History. 9:453–457.

    OpenUrl
44. ↵
    1. Vij, S., and
    2. V. Narain

    . 2016. Land, water, and power: The demise of common property resources in periurban Gurgaon. Land Use Policy. 50:59–66.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
45. ↵
    1. Winiwarter, V.,
    2. G. Haidvogel,
    3. S. Hohensinner,
    4. F. Hauer, and
    5. M. Bürkner

    . 2016. The long term evolution of urban waters and their nineteenth century transformation in European cities. A comparative environmental history. Water History. 8:209–233.

    OpenUrl
46. ↵
    1. Wirth, L.

    . 1938. Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology. 44:1–24.

    OpenUrlCrossRef