Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Pseudoroegneria spicata density (tillers per m2 ± SE) after one growing season (2016) at two sites in southwestern Montana. Seeding dates are Fall (11 November 2015), S1 (1 April 2016), S2 (7 April 2016), S3 (13 April 2016), S4 (21 April 2016), S5 (29 April 2016), S6 (5 May 2016), S7 (12 May 2016). Similar letters indicate no difference in density across treatments within a site (α = 0.05).
- Figure 2.
Pseudoroegneria spicata and Bromus tectorum density (tillers per m2 ± SE) across seeding treatments after two growing seasons (2017) at two sites in southwestern Montana. Seeding dates are Fall (11 November 2015), S1 (1 April 2016), S2 (7 April 2016), S3 (13 April 2016), S4 (21 April 2016), S5 (29 April 2016), S6 (5 May 2016), S7 (12 May 2016). Similar letters indicate no difference in a species’ density across treatments (α = 0.05).
- Figure 3.
Pseudoroegneria spicata and Bromus tectorum biomass (g per m2 ± SE) across seeding treatments after two growing seasons (2017) at two sites in southwestern Montana. Seeding dates are Fall (11 November 2015), S1 (1 April 2016), S2 (7 April 2016), S3 (13 April 2016), S4 (21 April 2016), S5 (29 April 2016), S6 (5 May 2016), S7 (12 May 2016). Similar letters indicate no difference in a species’ biomass across treatments (α = 0.05).
Wood pewee. Chambers W. and R. Chambers. 1881. Encyclopaedia - A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott & Co. The Florida Center for Instructional Technology, fcit.usf.edu.
Tables
- Table 1.
Average spring (March–May), summer (June–August), fall (September–November), and total precipitation (cm) and average minimum and maximum temperatures (°C) for spring, summer, fall and annual at Post Farm and Fort Ellis across a 30-year period and years 2016 and 2017. *30-year averages (1981–2010) were based on the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) monthly data for this region and were only available at the Post Farm site
Site Year Precipitation (cm) Temperature (°C, min/max) Spring Summer Fall Total Spring Summer Fall Annual Post Farm 30 year* 4.76 4.57 3.00 41.1 –0.8/13.6 5.09/26.3 –0.5/14.3 –0.7/14.1 2016 3.76 2.06 4.09 32.5 1.24/14.7 9.47/28.0 2.89/15.0 1.21/14.8 2017 4.67 2.18 3.68 37.7 1.44/14.5 10.3/27.8 0.16/13.0 0.23/13.8 Fort Ellis 2016 5.35 2.57 6.30 46.7 1.25/13.1 9.45/26.4 2.66/14.3 1.06/13.8 2017 8.08 5.02 5.13 60.7 0.85/13.3 10.2/26.5 –0.3/12.3 –0.1/13.0 - Table 2.
Seeding dates and cumulative growing degree days (GDD = sum of average daily temperature °C — temperature base 4.4°C between 1 March 2016 to 12 May 2016) for Pseudoroegneria spicata at Post Farm (PF) and Fort Ellis (FE) sites.
Treatment Seeding Date PF GDD FE GDD Average GDD Fall 8 November 2015 — — — Spring 1 (S1) 1 April 2016 39.5 34.4 37.0 Spring 2 (S2) 7 April 2016 70.1 58.1 64.1 Spring 3 (S3) 13 April 2016 114 93.7 104 Spring 4 (S4) 21 April 2016 142 126 134 Spring 5 (S5) 29 April 2016 172 150 161 Spring 6 (S6) 5 May 2016 217 195 206 Spring 7 (S7) 12 May 2016 261 231 246 - Table 3.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) table for Pseudoroegneria spicata density (tillers per m2) and biomass (g per m2) after two growing seasons (2017). Competition indicates presence or absence of Bromus tectorum.
Main Effects and Interactions df Density Biomass F-value p-value F-value p-value Seeding 7, 47 3.344 0.005 3.423 0.005 Competition 1, 54 8.706 0.005 5.139 0.027 Site 1, 47 8.944 0.004 35.31 < 0.001 Seeding*Competition 7, 54 1.416 0.218 1.234 0.301 Seeding*Site 7, 47 1.959 0.081 1.361 0.244 Competition*Site 1, 54 23.63 < 0.001 9.731 0.003
