Soils Determine Early Revegetation Establishment with and without Cover Crops in Northern Mixed Grass Prairie after Energy Development

References

1. ↵
   1. Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

   . 2016. Cover Crop Chart (accessed 8 July 2016). www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=20323.
2. ↵
   1. Barsh R.L.

   1990. The substitution of cattle for bison on the Great Plains. Pages 103–126 in Olson P.A., The Struggle for the Land. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
3. ↵
   1. Berquist E.,
   2. Evangelista P.,
   3. Stohlgren T.J.,
   4. Alley N.

   2007. Invasive species and coal bed methane development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 128:381–394.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. ↵
   1. Burton C.M.,
   2. Burton P.J.,
   3. Hebda R.,
   4. Turner N.J.

   2006. Determining the optimal sowing density for a mixture of native plants used to revegetate degraded ecosystems. Restoration Ecology 14:379–390.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
5. ↵
   1. Delgado J.A.,
   2. Dillon M.A.,
   3. Sparks R.T,
   4. Essah S.Y.C.

   2007. A decade of advances in cover crops: cover crops with limited irrigation can increased yields, crop quality, nutrient and water use efficiencies while protecting the environment. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 62:110A–117A.

   OpenUrlFREE Full Text
6. ↵
   1. Espeland E.K.,
   2. Perkins L.B.

   2013. Annual cover crops do not compete with perennial grasses on a disturbed restoration soil in the Northern Great Plains USA. Ecological Restoration 31:69–78.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   1. Espeland E.K.,
   2. Richardson L.

   2015. The role of competition and seed production environment on the success of two perennial grass species in a roadside restoration. Ecological Restoration 33:282–288.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
8. ↵
   1. Flynn C.,
   2. Syms E.L.

   1996. Manitoba’s first farmers. Manitoba History 31:4–11.

   OpenUrl
9. ↵
   1. Herrick J.E.,
   2. Van Zee J.W.,
   3. Havstad K.M.,
   4. Burkett L.M.,
   5. Whitford W.G.

   2005. Monitoring Manual for Grassland, Shrubland and Savanna Ecosystems, Volume I: Quick Start. Las Cruces, NM: USDA.
10. ↵
    1. Herrick J.E.,
    2. Whitford W.G.,
    3. de Soyza A.G.,
    4. Van Zee J.W.,
    5. Havstad K.M.,
    6. Seybold C.A.,
    7. et al.

    2001. Soil aggregate stability kit for field-based soil quality and rangeland health evaluations. Catena 44:27–35.

    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRef
11. ↵
    1. Herrick J.E.,
    2. Bestelmeyer B.T.,
    3. Archer S.,
    4. Tugel A.J.,
    5. Brown J.R.

    2006. An integrated framework for science-based arid land management. Journal of Arid Environments 65:319–335.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
12. ↵
    1. Hill M.J.,
    2. Olson R.

    2013. Possible future trade-offs between agriculture, energy production, and biodiversity conservation in North Dakota. Regional Environmental Change 13:311–328.

    OpenUrl
13. ↵
    1. Hudson J.C.

    1976. Migration to an American frontier. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 66:242–264.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
14. ↵
    1. Hudson J.C.

    2003. The big empty. Historical Geography 31:63–69.

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. Kulpa S.M.,
    2. Leger E.A.,
    3. Espeland E.K.,
    4. Goergen E.M.

    2012. Establishment of post-fire seeding: community recovery varies across sites and aspects. Rangeland Ecology and Management 65:171–181.

    OpenUrl
16. ↵
    1. Mevik B.-H.,
    2. Wehrens R.

    2007. The pls package: principal component and partial least squares regression in R. Journal of Statistical Software 18:1–23.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

    . 2006. USDA agriculture handbook. soils.usda.gov/MLRAExplorer.
18. ↵
    1. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

    . 2011. Ecological Site Description (ESD) System for Rangeland and Forestland. esis.sc.egov.usda.gov/Welcome/pgReportLocation.aspx?type=ESD.
19. ↵
    1. Pellant M.,
    2. Shaver P.,
    3. Pyke D.A.,
    4. Herrick J.E.

    2005. Interpreting indicators of rangeland health, version 4. Bureau of Land Management Technical Reference 1734–6.
20. ↵
    1. Redmann R.E.

    1975. Production ecology of grassland plant communities in western North Dakota. Ecological Monographs 45: 83–106.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
21. ↵
    1. Reicosky D.C.,
    2. Forcella F.

    1998. Cover crop and soil quality interactions in agroecosystems. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 53:224–229.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
22. ↵
    1. Reinhart K.O.,
    2. Dangi S.R.,
    3. Vermeire L.T.

    2016. The effect of fire intensity, nutrients, soil microbes, and spatial distance on grassland productivity. Plant and Soil 409:203–216.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Rinella M.J.,
    2. Mangold J.M.,
    3. Espeland E.K.,
    4. Sheley R.L.,
    5. Jacobs J.S.

    2012. Long-term effects of introducing desired plants into invaded grasslands. Ecological Applications 22:1320–1329.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. ↵
    1. Rinella M.J,
    2. Espeland E.K.,
    3. Moffatt B.

    2016. Studying long-term, large-scale grassland restoration outcomes to improve seeding methods and reveal knowledge gaps. Journal of Applied Ecology 53:1565–1574.

    OpenUrl
25. ↵
    1. Robinson C.,
    2. Nielsen D.

    2015. The water conundrum of planting cover crops in the great plains: When is an inch not an inch? Crops and Soils 48:24–31.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Robichaud P.R.,
    2. Beyers J.L.,
    3. Neary D.G.

    2000. Evaluating the effectiveness of post-fire rehabilitation treatments. Forest Service General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-63.
27. ↵
    1. Rowell M. J.,
    2. Florence L. Z.

    1993. Characteristics associated with differences between undisturbed and industrially-disturbed soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25:1499–1511.

    OpenUrl
28. ↵
    1. Shortridge J.R.

    1988. The Heart of the Prairie: Culture Areas in the Central and Northern Great Plains. Great Plains Quarterly 8:206–221.

    OpenUrl
29. ↵
    1. Snapp S.S.,
    2. Swinton S.M.,
    3. Labarta R.,
    4. Mutch D.,
    5. Black J. R.,
    6. Leep R.,
    7. et al

    . 2005. Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agronomy Journal 97:322–332.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
30. ↵
    1. Uselman S.M.,
    2. Snyder K.A.,
    3. Leger E.A.,
    4. Duke S.E.

    2014. First-year establishment, biomass and seed production of early vs. late seral natives in two medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) invaded soils. Invasive Plant Science and Management 7:291–302.

    OpenUrl
31. ↵
    1. Vogel K.P.,
    2. Masters R.A.

    2001. Frequency grid—a simple tool for measuring grassland establishment. Journal of Range Management 54:653–655.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
32. ↵
    1. World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

    . 2013. Northern Short Grasslands (accessed 8 July 2016). www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0811.
33. ↵
    1. Wortman S.E.,
    2. Francis C.A.,
    3. Bernards M.L.,
    4. Drijber R.A.,
    5. Lindquist J.L.

    2012. Optimizing cover crop benefits with diverse mixtures and an alternative termination method. Agronomy Journal 104:1425–1435.

    OpenUrl