Does Restored Riparian Habitat Create Ecological Traps for Riparian Birds Through Increased Brown-Headed Cowbird Nest Parasitism?

References

1. 1. Arcese P.,
   2. Sogge M.K.,
   3. Marr A.B.,
   4. Patten M.A.

   2002. Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia). No. 704 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.704.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
2. 1. Battin J.

   2004. When good animals love bad habitats: Ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations. Conservation Biology 18:1482–1491.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
3. 1. Beedy E.C.,
   2. Hamilton W.J.

   1999. Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor). No. 423 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.423.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
4. 1. Buckland S.T.,
   2. Anderson D.R.,
   3. Burnham K.P.,
   4. Laake J.L.,
   5. Borchers D.L.,
   6. Thomas L.

   2001. Introduction to Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
5. 1. Central Valley Joint Venture (CVJV)

   . 2006. Central Valley Joint Venture Implementation Plan—Conserving Bird Habitat. Sacramento, CA: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
6. 1. Chace J.F.,
   2. Farmer C.,
   3. Winfree R.,
   4. Curson D.R.,
   5. Jensen W.E.,
   6. Goguen C.B.,
   7. Robinson S.K.

   2005. Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) ecology: A review of factors influencing distribution and abundance of cowbirds across spatial scales. Ornithological Monographs 57:45–70.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Decapita M.E.

   2000. Brown-headed Cowbird control on Kirtland’s Warbler nesting areas in Michigan, 1972–1995. Pages 333–341 in Smith J.N.M., Cook T.L., Rothstein S.I., Robinson S.K., Sealy S.G. (eds), Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and their Hosts. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
8. 1. Eckerle K.P.,
   2. Thompson C.F.

   2001. Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens). No. 575 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.575.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. 1. Ellison K.

   1999. Importance of predation and brood parasitism on nest success in four sparrow species in Southern California coastal sage scrub. Studies in Avian Biology 18:191–199.

   OpenUrl
10. 1. Fletcher R.J.,
    2. Koford R.R.,
    3. Seaman D.A.

    2006. Critical demographic parameters for declining songbirds breeding in restored grasslands. Journal of Wildlife Management 70:145–157.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
11. 1. Gardali T.,
    2. King A.M.,
    3. Geupel G.R.

    1998. Cowbird parasitism and nest success of the Lazuli Bunting in the Sacramento Valley. Western Birds 29:174–179.

    OpenUrl
12. 1. Gardali T.,
    2. Holmes A.L.,
    3. Small S.L.,
    4. Nur N.,
    5. Geupel G.R.,
    6. Golet G.H.

    2006. Abundance patterns of landbirds in restored and remnant riparian forests on the Sacramento River, California, U.S.A. Restoration Ecology 14:391–403.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
13. 1. Gardali T.,
    2. Holmes A.L.

    2011. Maximizing benefits from riparian revegetation efforts: Local- and landscape-level determinants of avian response. Environmental Management 48:28–37.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 1. Gates J.E.,
    2. Gysel L.W.

    1978. Avian nest dispersion and fledgling success in field-forest ecotones. Ecology 59:871–883.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. 1. Goguen C.B.,
    2. Mathews N.E.

    1999. Review of the causes and implications of the association between cowbirds and livestock. Studies in Avian Biology 18:10–17.

    OpenUrl
16. 1. Golet G.H.,
    2. Gardali T.,
    3. Howell C.A.,
    4. Hunt J.,
    5. Luster R.A.,
    6. Rainey W.,
    7. Roberts M.D.,
    8. Silveira J.,
    9. Swagerty H.,
    10. Williams N.

    2008. Wildlife response to riparian restoration on the Sacramento River. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 6:2.

    OpenUrl
17. 1. Greene E.,
    2. Muehter V.R.,
    3. Davison W.

    1996. Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena). No. 232 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.232.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
18. 1. Greenlaw J.S.

    1996. Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus). No. 263 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.263.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
19. 1. Griffith J.T.,
    2. Griffith J.C.

    2000. Cowbird control and the Least Bell’s Vireo: A management success story. Pages 342–356 in Smith J.N.M., Cook T.L., Rothstein S.I., Robinson S.K., Sealy S.G. (eds), Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and their Hosts. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
20. 1. Grinnell J.,
    2. Miller A.H.

    1944. The distribution of the birds of California. Pacific Coast Avifauna 27:1–608.

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Grzybowski J.A.,
    2. Pease C.M.

    2000. Comparing the relative effects of brood parasitism and nest predation on seasonal fecundity in passerine birds. Pages 145–155 in Smith J.N.M., Cook T.L., Rothstein S.I., Robinson S.K., Sealy S.G. (eds), Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and their Hosts. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
22. 1. Guzy M.J.,
    2. Ritchison G.

    1999. Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). No. 448 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.448.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
23. 1. Hoover J.P.,
    2. Brittingham M.C.

    1993. Regional variation in Cowbird parasitism of Wood Thrushes. Wilson Bulletin 105:228–238.

    OpenUrl
24. 1. Hosoi S.A.,
    2. Rothstein S.I.

    2000. Nest desertion and cowbird parasitism: Evidence for evolved responses and evolutionary lag. Animal Behaviour 59:823–840.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 1. Hughes J.M.

    1999. Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus). No. 418 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.418.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
26. 1. Katibah E.F.

    1984. A brief history of riparian forests in the Central Valley of California. Pages 23–29 in Warner R.E., Hendrix K.M. (eds), California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation, and Productive Management. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
27. 1. Kus B.E.,
    2. Whitfield M.J.

    2005. Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: Response of Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control. Ornithological Monographs 57:16–27.

    OpenUrl
28. 1. Kus B.,
    2. Hopp S.L.,
    3. Johnson R.R.,
    4. Brown B.T.

    2010. Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii). No. 35 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.35.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
29. 1. Laymon S.A.

    1987. Brown-headed cowbirds in California: Historical perspectives and management opportunities in riparian habitats. Western Birds 18:63–70.

    OpenUrl
30. 1. Lorenzana J.C.,
    2. Sealy S.G.

    1999. A meta-analysis of the impact of parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird on its hosts. Studies in Avian Biology 18:241–253.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Lowther P.E.

    1993. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). No. 47 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.47.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
32. 1. Lowther P.E.

    2013. Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Version Aug 26, 2013. Chicago, IL: The Field Museum. fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Molothrus_hosts-26aug2013.pdf.
33. 1. Lowther P.E.,
    2. Celada C.,
    3. Klein N.K.,
    4. Rimmer C.C.,
    5. Spector D.A.

    1999. Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). No. 454 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.454.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
34. 1. Lowther P.E.,
    2. Ingold J.L.

    2011. Blue Grosbeak (Passerina caerulea). No. 79 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.79.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
35. 1. Martin T.E.,
    2. Geupel G.R.

    1993. Nest-monitoring plots: methods for locating nests and monitoring success. Journal of Field Ornithology 64:507–519.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
36. 1. Martin T.E.,
    2. Paine C.R.,
    3. Conway C.J.,
    4. Hochachka W.M.,
    5. Allen P.E.,
    6. Jenkins W.

    1997. BBIRD Field Protocols. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Missoula, MT.
37. 1. Mayfield H.

    1977. Brown-headed Cowbird: Agent of extermination? American Birds 31:107–114.

    OpenUrl
38. 1. Miller D.L.

    2012. Distance: A simple way to fit detection functions to distance sampling data and calculate abundance/density for biological populations. R package version 0.7.1.
39. 1. Ortega C,
    2. Hill G.E.

    2010. Blackheaded Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus). No. 143 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.143.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
40. 1. Ortega C.P.

    1998. Cowbirds and Other Brood Parasites. Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
41. 1. Pakanen V.-M.,
    2. Luukkonen A.,
    3. Koivula K.

    2011. Nest predation and trampling as management risks in grazed coastal meadows. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:2057–2073.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
42. 1. Paton P.W.C.

    1994. The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence? Conservation Biology 8:17–26.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
43. 1. Payne R.B.,
    2. Payne L.L.

    1997. Brood parasitism by cowbirds: Risks and effects on reproductive success and survival in Indigo Buntings. Behavioral Ecology 9:64–73.

    OpenUrl
44. 1. Pease C.M.,
    2. Grzybowski J.A.

    1995. Assessing the consequences of brood parasitism and nest predation on seasonal fecundity in passerine birds. Auk 112:343–363.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
45. 1. Peer B.D.,
    2. Rothstein S.I.,
    3. Kuehn M.J.,
    4. Fleischer R.C.

    2005. Host defenses against cowbird (Molothrus spp.) parasitism: Implications for cowbird management. Ornithological Monographs 57:84–97.

    OpenUrl
46. 1. Pelicice F.M.,
    2. Agostinho A.A.

    2008. Fish-passage facilities as ecological traps in large neotropical rivers. Conservation Biology 22:180–8.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
47. 1. Ralph C.J.,
    2. Geupel G.R.,
    3. Pyle P.,
    4. Martin T.E.,
    5. DeSante D.F.

    1993. Handbook of Field Methods for Monitoring Landbirds. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-144-www.
48. 1. Ralph C.J.,
    2. Droege S.,
    3. Sauer J.R.

    1995. Managing and monitoring birds using point counts: standards and applications. Pages 161–169 in Ralph C.J., Sauer J.R., Droege S. (eds), Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report PSW-GTR-149.
49. 1. Riparian Habitat Joint Venture (RHJV)

    . 2004. The riparian bird conservation plan: A strategy for reversing the decline of riparian associated birds in California. Version 2.0. California Partners in Flight.
50. 1. Robinson S.K.,
    2. Grzybowski J.A.,
    3. Rothstein S.I.,
    4. Brittingham M.C.,
    5. Petit L.J.,
    6. Thompson F.R.

    1993. Management implications of cowbird parasitism on neotropical migrant songbirds. Pages 93–102 in Finch D.M., Stangel P.W. (eds), Status and management of Neotropical migratory birds. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General technical report RM-229.
51. 1. Robinson S.K.,
    2. Wilcove D.S.

    1994. Forest fragmentation in the temperate zone and its effects on migratory songbirds. Bird Conservation International 4:233–249.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
52. 1. Robinson S.K.,
    2. Thompson F.R.,
    3. Donovan T.M.,
    4. Whitehead D.R.,
    5. Faaborg J.

    1995. Regional forest fragmentation and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science 267:1987–1990.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
53. 1. Rothstein S.I.,
    2. Peer B.D.

    2005. Conservation solutions for threatened and endangered Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) hosts: Separating fact from fiction. Ornithological Monographs 57:98–114.

    OpenUrl
54. 1. Sauer J.R.,
    2. Hines J.E.,
    3. Fallon J.E.,
    4. Pardieck K.L.,
    5. Ziolkowski D.J.,
    6. Link W.A.

    2012. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, results and analysis 1966–2011. Version 12.13.2011. Laurel, MD: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
55. 1. Scott M.L.,
    2. Skagen S.K.,
    3. Merigliano M.F.

    2003. Relating geomorphic change and grazing to avian communities in riparian forests. Conservation Biology 17:284–296.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
56. 1. Sedgwick J.A.,
    2. Iko W.M.

    1999. Costs of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism to Willow Flycatchers. Studies in Avian Biology 18:167–181.

    OpenUrl
57. 1. Sedgwick J.A.

    2000. Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii). No. 533 in Poole A. (ed), The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. DOI: 10.2173/bna.533.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
58. 1. Severns P.M.

    2011. Habitat restoration facilitates an ecological trap for a locally rare, wetland-restricted butterfly. Insect Conservation and Diversity 4:184–191.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
59. 1. Shuford W.D.,
    2. Gardali T.

    (eds). 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. Studies of Western Birds No. 1. Sacramento, CA: Western Field Ornithologists, Camarillo, California, and California Department of Fish and Game.
60. 1. Small S.L.

    2005. Mortality factors and predators of Spotted Towhee nests in the Sacramento Valley, California. Journal of Field Ornithology 76:252–258.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
61. 1. Small S.L.,
    2. Thompson F.R. III.,
    3. Geupel G.R.,
    4. Faaborg J.

    2007. Spotted Towhee population dynamics in a riparian restoration context. Condor 109:721–733.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
62. 1. Smith J.N.M.

    1999. The basis for cowbird management: Host selection, impacts on hosts, and criteria for taking management action. Studies in Avian Biology 18:104–108.

    OpenUrl
63. 1. Staab C.A.,
    2. Morrison M.L.

    1999. Managing riparian vegetation to control cowbirds. Studies in Avian Biology 18:18–22.

    OpenUrl
64. 1. Strausberger B.M.,
    2. Ashley M.V

    . 1997. Community-wide patterns of parasitism of a host “generalist” brood-parasitic cowbird. Oecologia 112:254–262.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
65. 1. Terpening K.K.

    1999. Golden-cheeked Warbler fatality in a cowbird trap. Studies in Avian Biology 18:290–291.

    OpenUrl
66. 1. Trine C.L.

    1998. Wood thrush population sinks and implications for the scale of regional conservation strategies. Conservation Biology 12:576–585.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
67. 1. Uyehara J.C.,
    2. Whitfield M.J.,
    3. Goldwasser L.

    2000. The ecology of Brown-headed Cowbirds and their effects on Southwestern Willow Flycatchers. Pages 95–106 in Finch D.M., Stoleson S.H. (eds), Status, ecology, and conservation of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General technical report RMRS-GTR-60.
68. 1. Whitehead M.A.,
    2. Schweitzer S.H.,
    3. Post W.

    2000. Impact of brood parasitism on nest survival parameters and seasonal fecundity of six songbird species in southeastern old-field habitat. Condor 102:946–950.

    OpenUrl
69. 1. Whitfield M.J.,
    2. Sogge M.K.

    1999. Range-wide impact of Brown-headed Cowbird parasitism on the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). Studies in Avian Biology 18:182–190.

    OpenUrl