Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Index/Abstracts
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Call for Papers
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Land Economics
    • Landscape Journal
    • Native Plants Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Ecological Restoration
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Land Economics
    • Landscape Journal
    • Native Plants Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Ecological Restoration

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Index/Abstracts
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Call for Papers
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticleTeaching Concepts in Ecological Restoration

Using Problem-based Learning to Teach Concepts for Ecological Restoration

Valentin Schaefer and Emily Gonzales
Ecological Restoration, December 2013, 31 (4) 412-418; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/er.31.4.412
Valentin Schaefer
School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, .
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Emily Gonzales
School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

    1. Albanese M.,
    2. Mitchell S.
    1993. Problem-based learning: A review of the literature on its outcomes and implementation issues. Academic Medicine 68:52–81.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Alverson W.S.,
    2. Waller D.M.,
    3. Solheim S.L.
    1988. Forests too deer: Edge effects in northern Wisconsin. Conservation Biology 2:348–458.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Allombert S.,
    2. Gaston A.J.,
    3. Martin J.L.
    2005a. A natural experiment on the impact of overabundant deer on songbird populations. Biological Conservation 126:1–13.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Allombert S.,
    2. Gaston A.J.,
    3. Martin J.L.
    2005b. A natural experiment on the impact of overabundant deer on forest invertebrates. Conservation Biology 19:1917–1929.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    . 2011. Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education: A Call to Action. Washington, DC.
    1. Ascher W.L.
    2004. Scientific information and uncertainty: Challenges for the use of science in policymaking. Science and Engineering Ethics 10:437–455.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. BC Environmental Network
    . 1999. Helping the land heal: Ecological restoration in British Columbia. Proceedings from the 1998 conference in Victoria (Egan B. ed). Vancouver, BC.: Environmental Network Educational Foundation.
    1. Barrett Terry
    . 2010. “The problem-based learning process as finding and being in flow”. Innovations in Education and Teaching International 47:165–174.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Barrows H.S.
    1996. Problem based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview. New Directions for Teaching and Learning 68:3–12.
    OpenUrl
    1. Bergerud A.T.,
    2. Elliott J.P.
    1986. Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:1515–1529.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Bohlen P.J.,
    2. Groffman P.M.,
    3. Fahey T.J.,
    4. Fisk M.C.,
    5. Suárez E.,
    6. Pelletier D.M.,
    7. Fahey R.T.
    2004. Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of north temperate forests. Ecosystems 7:1–12.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Carey A.B.
    1991. The biology of arboreal rodents in Douglas-fir forests. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, OR.
    1. Côté S.D.
    2005. Extirpation of a large black bear population by introduced white-tailed deer. Conservation Biology 19:1668–1671.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Côté S.D.,
    2. Rooney T.P.,
    3. Tremblay J.P.,
    4. Dussault C.,
    5. Waller D.M.
    2004. Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:113–147.
    OpenUrl
    1. Cranor C.F.
    2001. Learning from the law to address uncertainty in the precautionary principle. Science and Engineering Ethics 7:313–326.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Davis M.A.
    2003. Biotic globalization: Does competition from introduced species threaten biodiversity? Bioscience 53:481–489.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Ennik G.C.
    1967. Mole activity in relation to pasture management and nitrogen fertilization. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 15:221–228.
    OpenUrl
    1. Eisenhauer N.,
    2. Partsch S.,
    3. Parkinson D.,
    4. Scheu S.
    2007. Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: Changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropods, and vegetation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39:1099–1110.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Finucane P.M.,
    2. Johnson S.M.,
    3. Prideaux D.J.
    1998. Problem based learning: Its rationale and efficacy. Medical Journal of Australia 168:445–448.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Frelich L.E.,
    2. Hale C.M.,
    3. Scheu S.,
    4. Holdsworth A.R.,
    5. Heneghan L.,
    6. Bohlen P.J.,
    7. Reich P.B.
    2006. Earthworm invasion into previously earthwormfree temperate and boreal forests. Biological Invasions 8:1235–1245.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Frissell C.A.,
    2. Nawa R.K.
    1992. Incidence and causes of physical failure of artificial habitat structures in streams of western Oregon and Washington. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 12:182–197.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Gagné S.,
    2. Fahrig L.
    2011. Do birds and beetles show similar responses to urbanization? Ecological Applications 21:2297–2312.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Glendenning R.
    1959. Biology and control of the coast mole, Scapanus orarius in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 39:345–44.
    OpenUrl
    1. Goheen J.R.,
    2. Swihart R.K.
    2003. Food-hoarding behavior of gray squirrels and North American red squirrels in the central hardwoods region: Implications for forest regeneration. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:1636–1639.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Goheen J.R.,
    2. Swihart R.K.
    2005. Resource selection and predation of North American red squirrels in deciduous forest fragments. Journal of Mammalogy 86:22–28.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Gonzales E.K.
    1999. Gray squirrels in BC: An introduction to an introduction. Discovery 28:22–25.
    OpenUrl
    1. Gonzales E.K.
    2000. Distinguishing between modes of dispersal by introduced gray squirrels. M.Sc. thesis. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
    1. Gonzales E.K.
    2005. The distribution and habitat selection of introduced gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, in British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 119:343–350.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
    1. Gonzales E.K.,
    2. Arcese P.
    2008. Herbivory more limiting than competition on early and established native plants in an invaded meadow. Ecology 89:3282–3289.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Gonzales E.K.,
    2. Wiersma Y.F.,
    3. Maher A.I.,
    4. Nudds T.N.
    2008. Positive relationship between non-native and native squirrels in an urban landscape. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86:356–363.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Gonzales E.K.,
    2. Clements D.R.
    2010. Plant community biomass shifts in response to mowing and fencing in invaded oak meadows with abundant ungulates. Restoration Ecology 18:753–761.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Hilderbrand R.H.,
    2. Watts A.C.,
    3. Randle A.M.
    2005. The myths of restoration ecology. Ecology and Society 10:19.
    OpenUrl
    1. Jones D.
    1996. The advantages of PBL. edweb.sdsu.edu/clrit/learningtree/PBL/PBLadvantages.html.
    1. Jones J.E.,
    2. Kroll A.J.,
    3. Giovanini J.,
    4. Duke S.D.,
    5. Ellis T.M.,
    6. Betts M.G.
    2012. Avian species richness in relation to intensive forest management practices in early seral tree plantations. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43290. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043290
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Lesica P.,
    2. Allendorf F.W.
    1995. When are peripheral populations valuable for conservation? Conservation Biology 9:753–760.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Martin T.G.,
    2. Arcese P.,
    3. Scheerder N.
    2011. Browsing down our natural heritage: Deer impacts on vegetation structure and songbird populations across an island archipelago. Biological Conservation 144:459–469.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Macdougall A.S.,
    2. Beckwith B.R.,
    3. Maslovat C.Y.
    2004. Defining conservation strategies with historical perspectives: A case study from a degraded oak grassland ecosystem. Conservation Biology 18:455–465.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Norman G.R.,
    2. Schmidt H.G.
    1992. The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence. Academic Medicine 67:557–565.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Pedersen R.J.
    1963. The life history and ecology of the Townsend’s mole Scapanus townsendii (Bachman) in Tillamook County, Oregon. M.Sc. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
    1. Riege D.A.
    1991. Habitat specialization and social factors in distribution of red and gray squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy 72:152–162.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Rooney T.P.,
    2. Waller D.M.
    2003. Direct and indirect effects of whitetailed deer in forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 181:165–176.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Schaefer V.H.
    1979. Aspects of habitat selection in the coast mole (Scapanus orarius) in British Columbia. Ph.D. Dissertation. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC.
    1. Schaefer V.H.
    1981. A test of the possible reduction of the digging activity of moles in pastures by increasing soil nitrogen. Acta Theriologica 26:118–123.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Schaefer V.H.
    1984. A theory on the dentition of moles (Talpidae). Discovery 13:64–65.
    OpenUrl
    1. Schaefer V.H.
    2006. Science, stewardship and spirituality: The human body as a model for ecological restoration. Restoration Ecology 14:1–3.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Schaefer V.H.,
    2. Sadleir R.M.F.S.
    1981. Factors influencing molehill construction by the coast mole (Scapanus orarius True). Mammalia 45:31–38.
    OpenUrl
    1. Shimelis A.,
    2. Mitchell P.,
    3. Asefa A.
    2013. Impact of forest structure simplification on bird species richness in the Harena Forest of the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP), South Eastern Ethiopia. Nature, Environment and Pollution Technology 12:321–324.
    OpenUrl
    1. Singer S.R.,
    2. Bonvillian W.B.
    2013. Two revolutions in learning. Science 22:1359.
    OpenUrl
    1. van Andel J.,
    2. Aronson J.
    (Eds.). 2012. Restoration ecology: the new frontier. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
    1. Verme L.J.,
    2. Ullrey D.E.
    1984. Physiology and nutrition. Pages 91–118 in Halls L.K. (ed), White-tailed Deer Ecology and Management. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
    1. Walters C.
    1997. Challenges in adaptive management of riparian and coastal ecosystems. Conservation Ecology (online) 1(2):1. www.consecol.org/vol1/iss2/art1.
    OpenUrl
    1. Wells S.H.,
    2. Warelow P.J.,
    3. Jackson K.L.
    2009. Problem based learning (PBL): A conundrum. Contemporary Nurse 33:191–201.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Wiggins G.P.,
    2. McTighe J.A.
    2005. Understanding by design (2nd ed). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.
    1. Williams B. K.
    2011. Adaptive management of natural resources: Framework and issues. Journal of Environmental Management 92:1346–1353.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Winqvist C.,
    2. Bengtsson J.,
    3. Aavik T.,
    4. Berendse F.,
    5. Clement L.W.,
    6. Eggers S.,
    7. Fischer C.,
    8. Flohre A.,
    9. Geiger F.,
    10. Liira J.,
    11. Pärt T.,
    12. Thies C.,
    13. Tscharntke T.,
    14. Weisser W.W.,
    15. Bommarco R.
    2011. Mixed effects of organic farming and landscape complexity on farmland biodiversity and biological control potential across Europe. Journal of Applied Ecology 48:570–579.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Ecological Restoration: 31 (4)
Ecological Restoration
Vol. 31, Issue 4
1 Dec 2013
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Ecological Restoration.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Using Problem-based Learning to Teach Concepts for Ecological Restoration
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Ecological Restoration
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Ecological Restoration web site.
Citation Tools
Using Problem-based Learning to Teach Concepts for Ecological Restoration
Valentin Schaefer, Emily Gonzales
Ecological Restoration Dec 2013, 31 (4) 412-418; DOI: 10.3368/er.31.4.412

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Using Problem-based Learning to Teach Concepts for Ecological Restoration
Valentin Schaefer, Emily Gonzales
Ecological Restoration Dec 2013, 31 (4) 412-418; DOI: 10.3368/er.31.4.412
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Using a Problem-Based Learning Approach to Teach Students about Biodiversity, Species Distributions & the Impact of Habitat Loss
  • Restoring Degraded Objects: The Next Best Thing to Teaching Ecological Restoration in the Field
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • adaptive management
  • case studies
  • education
  • restoration concepts
UW Press logo

© 2025 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire