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Research ArticleSpecial Theme: Ecological Restoration in Mexico

Indicators of Recovery in a Tropical Freshwater Marsh Invaded by an African Grass

Hugo López Rosas, Fabiola López-Barrera, Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Gustavo Aguirre-León, Erasmo Cázares-Hernández and Lorena Sánchez-Higueredo
Ecological Restoration, September 2010, 28 (3) 324-332; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/er.28.3.324
Hugo López Rosas
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Fabiola López-Barrera
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Patricia Moreno-Casasola
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Gustavo Aguirre-León
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Erasmo Cázares-Hernández
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Lorena Sánchez-Higueredo
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Abstract

Abstract

Antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis) is an African grass species used for cattle grazing in Mexican wetlands. It has been introduced because of its tolerance to flooding and is now a widespread invasive. In this work, we present the advances of a freshwater marsh restoration project represented by bulltongue (Sagittaria lancifolia) but invaded by antelope grass. This project began in 2007 with the goals of eliminating antelope grass and other problematic species, increasing the cover of the native vegetation, and recovering habitat for waterfowl. Two sets of controls were established (in the remaining marsh and the inundated grassland) along with three other managed sites (variations of clipping by hand, drowning the cut plants, burning, covering with black plastic, or selectively applying herbicide). With two years of restoration activities, the antelope grass was almost completely eliminated, remaining only in one control set. The dry conditions of 2009 have favored the resprouting of the invader, but it still has low cover values. Pickerelweed (Pontederia sagittata), cattail (Typha domingensis), and bulltongue have appeared with high cover values in most of the quadrats in almost all sites. Plant species richness has increased with time. Amphibians and reptiles have varied through time but are showing a slight increasing trend.

Resumen

El zacate alemán (Echinochloa pyramidalis) es una gramínea de origen africano que se utiliza para el pastoreo de ganado bovino en humedales del sureste mexicano. La introducción de esta especie en estos ecosistemas es debida a su tolerancia al exceso de agua y a su adaptación al forrajeo, características que le han conferido la capacidad de invadir los humedales. El presente trabajo presenta los avances de un proyecto de restauración de un humedal herbáceo de agua dulce representado por Sagittaria lancifolia pero invadido por zacate alemán. Este proyecto inició en el año 2007 con los objetivos de eliminar a la especie invasora y a otras especies problemáticas, incrementar la cobertura de la vegetación nativa y recuperar hábitat para fauna acuática. Se establecieron dos sitios control (uno en el popal-tular remanente y otro en el pastizal inundado) y tres sitios manejados (corte selectivo de la vegetación, incremento del nivel de inundación o disminución del nivel topográfico, incendios controlados, colocación de plástico negro sobre la vegetación o aplicación selectiva de herbicida sistémico). Dos años después de iniciadas las actividades de restauración se ha logrado la eliminación casi completa del zacate alemán, quedando sólo presente en el control del pastizal inundado. El año 2009 ha sido muy seco, favoreciendo la presencia de rebrotes de la especie invasora. Se han detectado valores de cobertura elevados de especies nativas como Pontederia sagittata, tule (Typha domingensis) y Sagittaria lancifolia en la mayoría de los cuadros de monitoreo de casi todos los sitios manejados. La riqueza de especies vegetales se ha incrementado con el tiempo. Asimismo, se ha detectado que el número de especies de anfibios y reptiles ha tenido una fluctuación a lo largo del tiempo con ligera tendencia a aumentar hacia el final del periodo de estudio.

  • antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis)
  • biological invasion
  • bulltongue (Sagittaria lancifolia)
  • cattle grazing
  • Mexico

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Ecological Restoration: 28 (3)
Ecological Restoration
Vol. 28, Issue 3
1 Sep 2010
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Indicators of Recovery in a Tropical Freshwater Marsh Invaded by an African Grass
Hugo López Rosas, Fabiola López-Barrera, Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Gustavo Aguirre-León, Erasmo Cázares-Hernández, Lorena Sánchez-Higueredo
Ecological Restoration Sep 2010, 28 (3) 324-332; DOI: 10.3368/er.28.3.324

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Indicators of Recovery in a Tropical Freshwater Marsh Invaded by an African Grass
Hugo López Rosas, Fabiola López-Barrera, Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Gustavo Aguirre-León, Erasmo Cázares-Hernández, Lorena Sánchez-Higueredo
Ecological Restoration Sep 2010, 28 (3) 324-332; DOI: 10.3368/er.28.3.324
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More in this TOC Section

  • Conceptual Framework for Mangrove Restoration in the Yucatán Peninsula
  • Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation of a Mexico City Wetland Restoration Effort
  • Forest Restoration in Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Chiapas, Mexico
Show more Special Theme: Ecological Restoration in Mexico

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Keywords

  • antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis)
  • biological invasion
  • bulltongue (Sagittaria lancifolia)
  • cattle grazing
  • México
  • ganadería
  • invasión biológica
  • Sagittaria lancifolia
  • zacate alemán (Echinochloa pyramidalis)
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